government

what is government?

  • society: the collection of people living together and share some type of similarity nationality, language, religion, culture, and shared customs

  • government: the institution through which a society makes and enforces public policies

  • helps organize society, and ensures there is order and organization in society

  • acts as a unifier

  • public policies: all of the things a government decides to do

  • places rules and laws for a society to function

  • covers taxation, defense, education, crime, and healthcare

why government were formed

-created to establish a sense of order and serve the people in different ways

  • key reason way formed

  • need for unity need for protection
    protect a culture identity or heritage

characteristics of government: all governments will consist of...

legislation executive judiciary

all three bodies ensure that the people and society are protected and promoted domestic tranquility

  • legislative branch: the power to make laws and to frame public policies

  • dictates the rules and regulations for society often the most important and power body in the government parts of this branch include:

-senate

  • house of representatives

  • executive body: to execute, enforce and administer laws

  • ensure that all laws passed by the legislative and ruling from the judiciary and being followed

will often have a sole leader that represents, not only the entire body but the nation too

executive body has power over the military and police

• judicial body: the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning, and settle disputes that arise within the society

ensures that laws and actions are correct and not over step known as the supreme court in the united states

  • this body will most different from nation to nation

  • domestic tranquility: the peace and order within a nation

  • the main responsibility and goal of a government governments want to always want to avoid internal conflict

  • nations mostly don't fall because of internal conflict but because of external conflict

government evolution:

early governments: simple and used a basic organization method to ensure their society

mainly would see one person as all three bodies of government and have the sole purpose of protecting the community

口

middle governments: more complex, structure, development, clear person in charge, and clear organized system established

nation-states form and can cover vast amounts of land, people, and communities

middle governments become more varied and different styles are developed

  • modern government: most complex, due to global trade and interaction with nations of many different backgrounds and styles

  • isolated nations are very rare

the nations themselves become a lot more diverse in the citizens and ideas

Early governments:

  • Indus River Valley Civilization: religious monarchy. one of the first to focus on social organization and economic management

  • One of the earliest civilizations to be created

  • Yellow River Civilization: hereditary monarchy that ruled over several territories in China

  • Babylon: develops Hammurabi's Coe. a deep system of laws, tax, and justice created to govern the nation

  • one of the first recorded complex legal systems

  • Egypt: a hereditary system with an in-depth system of laws. with heavy emphasis on the arts and culture. with a well-maintained military.