film techniques test wk 5

Shot	Definition	Effect / Purpose
Extreme Close-Up (ECU)	Shows a very small detail of the subject (e.g., eyes, lips, an object).	Creates intensity, emotion, suspense, or highlights detail.
Close-Up (CU)	Frames a subject’s face or object closely.	Shows emotion, makes audience focus on the character or object.
Medium / Mid-Shot (MS)	Frames a character from the waist up.	Balances character and background; good for dialogue and action.
Long Shot (LS)	Shows the entire character or object, with some background.	Contextualizes character in environment, shows movement.
Extreme Long Shot (ELS)	Character is very small in frame; landscape dominates.	Emphasizes isolation, scale, or grandeur.

2. Camera Angles

(Camera angles change the audience’s perspective of a subject.)

Angle	Definition	Effect / Purpose
Low Angle / Undershot / Worm’s-eye view	Camera looks up at subject.	Makes subject appear powerful, dominant, or threatening.
High Angle	Camera looks down on subject.	Makes subject look weak, vulnerable, or small.
Eye-Level Angle	Camera is level with subject’s eyes.	Neutral, realistic perspective; audience relates naturally.
Overhead / Bird’s-eye View	Camera looks straight down.	Gives overview, can make characters look small or trapped.

3. Camera Movements

(Camera movement adds energy, focus, or guides audience attention.)

Movement	Definition	Effect / Purpose
Pan	Camera moves horizontally left or right from a fixed point.	Follows action, shows environment, or builds suspense.
Tilt	Camera moves vertically up or down from a fixed point.	Reveals height or power, or tracks motion.
Dolly / Tracking Shot	Camera physically moves forward/backward or alongside subject.	Creates immersion, follows action, or shows journey.
Zoom In	Camera lens magnifies subject without moving camera.	Focuses attention, emphasizes detail or emotion.
Zoom Out	Camera lens makes subject smaller without moving camera.	Shows context, pulls audience away, creates detachment.

4. Lighting Techniques

(Lighting creates mood, highlights character and emphasizes focus.)

Technique	Definition	Effect / Purpose
Key Light	Main source of light on subject.	Illuminates subject clearly; shapes mood with shadow/brightness.
Fill Light	Secondary light to soften shadows from key light.	Reduces harsh shadows, balances lighting for clarity.
High Key Lighting	Bright, even lighting with few shadows.	Creates happy, open, or safe mood.
Low Key Lighting	Darker lighting with strong shadows.	Creates tension, mystery, or drama.
High Contrast Lighting	Strong difference between light and dark areas.	Emphasizes drama, conflict, or focus on key elements.
Back Lighting	Light from behind the subject.	Creates silhouette, adds depth, can make subject appear heroic or mysterious.