chapter 11

Key Topics and Questions

Supplemental Oxygen Administration

• Question: A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

  • Options:

  • A. nonrebreathing mask.

  • B. bag-mask device.

  • C. nasal cannula.

  • D. mouth-to-mask device.

Oxygen Cylinder Maintenance

• Question: An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:

  • Options:

  • A. 1,000 psi.

  • B. 1,500 psi.

  • C. 500 psi.

  • D. 200 psi.

Oxygen Concentration with a Nasal Cannula

• Question: At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:

  • Options:

  • A. 24%.

  • B. 35%.

  • C. 52%.

  • D. 44%.

Gas Exchange Mechanisms

• Question: Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:

  • Options:

  • A. water or blood within the alveoli.

  • B. surfactant-destroying organisms.

  • C. adequate amounts of surfactant.

  • D. pulmonary capillary constriction.

High-Flow Oxygen During Intubation

• Question: High-flow oxygen with a nasal cannula during the preoxygenation phase of endotracheal intubation is called:

  • Options:

  • A. passive ventilation.

  • B. denitrogenation.

  • C. active ventilation.

  • D. apneic oxygenation.

Respiratory Patterns

• Question: Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:

  • Options:

  • A. agonal respirations.

  • B. Cheyne-Stokes respirations.

  • C. eupneic respirations.

  • D. ataxic respirations.

Oxygen Toxicity Explained

• Question: Oxygen toxicity is a condition in which:

  • Options:

  • A. decreased levels of oxygen in the blood result in free radical production.

  • B. excessive blood oxygen levels cause the hypoxic patient to stop breathing.

  • C. significantly low levels of oxygen in the blood damage the cellular tissue.

  • D. cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood.

Structures of the Lower Airway

• Question: Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT:

  • Options:

  • A. alveoli.

  • B. the epiglottis.

  • C. bronchioles.

  • D. the trachea.

Diaphragm Innervation

• Question: The diaphragm is innervated by the _ nerve, which allows it to contract.

  • Options:

  • A. vagus

  • B. hypoglossal

  • C. vestibulocochlear

  • D. phrenic

Hypoxic Drive Influence

• Question: The hypoxic drive is influenced by:

  • Options:

  • A. high blood oxygen levels.

  • B. low blood carbon dioxide levels.

  • C. low blood oxygen levels.

  • D. high blood carbon dioxide levels.

Carbon Dioxide Levels in Blood

• Question: The presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood is called:

  • Options:

  • A. hypoxia.

  • B. hypercarbia.

  • C. acidosis.

  • D. hypoxemia.

Oxygen Cylinder Pressure

• Question: The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _ pounds per square inch (psi).

  • Options:

  • A. 3,000

  • B. 1,000

  • C. 2,000

  • D. 500

Airway Obstruction Causes

• Question: What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

  • Options:

  • A. Vomitus

  • B. The tongue

  • C. Blood clots

  • D. Aspirated fluid

Factors Reducing Minute Volume

• Question: Which of the following factors will cause a reduction in minute volume in an adult?

  • Options:

  • A. Slight increase in respiratory rate

  • B. Increased tidal volume

  • C. Shallow breathing

  • D. Respirations of 20 breaths/min

Signs of Hypoxia

• Question: Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia?

  • Options:

  • A. Tachycardia

  • B. Cyanosis

  • C. Restlessness

  • D