Comprehensive Mandarin Chinese University Study Notes Chapters 1-4

CHAPTER 1: BASIC VOCABULARY AND GREETINGS

Personal Pronouns

  • saya: I / Me

  • hi kamu: You

  • tādi a: He / She

  • women: We (includes kami/kita)

  • nimen: You all (kamu semua)

  • tamen: They (mereka)

Essential Courtesy and Greetings

  • xièxiè: Thank you (terima kasih)

  • bu keqi / buxiè: You are welcome (sama-sama)

  • duibuqi: Sorry

  • méi guanxi: It's okay

  • hi hão: Hello

  • zaijian: Bye

  • hảo giữ bú giản: Long time no see

  • zao an: Good morning

  • whän / wů an: Good afternoon

  • wǎn an: Good night

Titles and Honorifics

  • jíào: Called (dipanggil)

  • husb / xiansheng: Husband / Mr. (encik)

  • faitai / puan: Madam / Wife

  • mingzi: Name

  • nishi: You are

  • xiao jič: Miss (cik)

  • xian sheng: Mister (encik)

Particles and Qualifiers

  • ne: How about…? (pula)

  • hen: Very (sangat)

  • gaoxing: Happy / Glad (gembira)

  • rènshi: To meet / Get to know (berkenalan)

  • ye: Also (juga)

  • ma: Question particle (kah)

  • shi: Is / Am / Are (ialah)

  • de: Possession marker (punya)

  • le: Already (sudah)

  • yao: Want / To be going to (hendak)

Social Relations

  • xuésheng: Student (pelajar)

  • péngyou: Friend (kawan)

  • hão pengyou: Best friend

  • shi you: Housemate

  • tongxué: Classmate

  • nan pengyou: Boyfriend

  • nů péngyou: Girlfriend

Question Words (Kata Tanya)

  • Shenme: What (apa)

  • shei: Who (siapa)

Numbers (0−100-10)

  • ling: 00

  • yi: 11

  • èr: 22

  • san: 33

  • sì: 44

  • wǔ: 55

  • liù: 66

  • qi: 77

  • ba: 88

  • jiǔ: 99

  • shí: 1010

Time of Day

  • zaoshang: Morning (pagi)

  • zhongwu: Noon (tengahari, 12 pm12\,\text{pm})

  • xiawu: Afternoon (1 pm1\,\text{pm})

  • wanshang: Evening / Night (petang, 7 pm7\,\text{pm})

Dialogues and Direct Address

  • Questions regarding name and meeting:

    • Q: ni jiao shénme mingzi? (What is your name?)

    • A: wo jiao [nama dlm IC] (My name is [Name in IC])

    • hen gaoxing renshi ni (I am glad to meet you)

    • wo ye hen gaoxing renshi ni (I am also glad to meet you)

  • Identity and Status:

    • Q: tā shi shéi? (Who is he/she?)

    • A: ta shi [identity] (He/She is [identity])

    • Q: hi hao ma? (How are you?)

    • A: wo hen hão (I am very well)

    • bu gaoxing (Not happy / XX happy)

    • bu hão (Not good / XX baik)

  • Task/Understanding Checks:

    • Q: hão le ma? (Is it done/ready?)

    • A: hão le / hai méi you (Done / Not yet)

    • Q: you wénti ma? (Do you have any questions?)

    • A: you / méiyou (Yes / No)

    • Q: ming bai ma? (Do you understand?)

    • A: mingbai / bù mingbai (Understand / Do not understand)

CHAPTER 2: FAMILY AND HOME

House and Kinship

  • jia: House / Home (rumah)

  • ren: People / Human (manusia)

  • jiārén: Family

  • nin: Formal "you" (anda)

  • yeye: Paternal grandfather (atuk belah ayah)

  • nainai: Paternal grandmother (nenek belah ayah)

  • waigong: Maternal grandfather (atuk belah ibu)

  • waipo: Maternal grandmother (nenek belah ibu)

  • baba: Father (ayah)

  • māma: Mother (ibu)

  • gege: Older brother (abang)

  • jičjie: Older sister (kakak)

  • di di: Younger brother (adik lelaki)

  • méimei: Younger sister (adik perempuan)

  • bomu: Aunt (makcik)

  • er zi: Son (anak lelaki)

  • nǚ'er: Daughter (anak perempuan)

  • háizi: Child (anak)

  • xiongdi jieméi: Siblings (excluding oneself)

  • dage: Eldest brother (tak long / abang sulung)

  • da jie: Eldest sister (tak long)

  • èr ge: Second eldest brother (abang ngah)

  • èr jie: Second eldest sister (tak ngah)

Characteristics and Status

  • piaoliang: Beautiful (cantik)

  • yingjun: Handsome

  • shuai: Macho / Stylo

  • kể ai: Cute

  • jiéhun: Married (kahwin)

  • hai meiyou jiénun: Not married yet

  • jehun le: Was married

  • bu jiehun: Don't want to marry

  • dinghun: Engaged

  • qushi le: Passed away (meninggal dunia)

  • si: Dead (mati)

  • jäting zhufu: Housewife

Quantifiers and Measures

  • ji: How many (berapa)

  • you: Have (mempunyai)

  • mei you: Do not have

  • liǎng: Two (used for quantities / bilangan)

  • ge: Classifier for people (orang / penjodoh bilangan)

  • hé: And (dan)

  • sui: Years old (unit for age)

Expanded Numbers and Counting rules

  • shiyi: 1111

  • shí èr: 1212

  • ershí: 2020 (Unit changes to the front position)

  • san shi yi: 3131

  • yibai: 100100

  • qian: Thousand

Sentence Structure and Grammar

  • Subject + Time + Place + Action: The standard structure (Except for questions or advice).

    • Example: Jintian xiawu wo zai Heritage chifan (I am eating at Heritage this afternoon).

  • Possession: Use "de" after the subject. wo de (mine).

  • Placement note: "de" goes at the back.

Dialogues Regarding Family and Background

  • Household Composition:

    • Q: ni de jia you ji gè vén? (How many people are in your family?)

    • A: wo de jia you [number] gè ren (My family has [number] people). Note: Mandatory to count even if divorced/deceased.

    • Q: hi de jia you shénme ren? (Who is in your family?)

    • A: wo de jia you baba, mama, [siblings] hé wo (My family has father, mother, and me). Note: "hé wo" (and me) goes last.

  • Age and Birth:

    • Q: hi jinnian ji shile? (How old are you this year?)

    • A: WO jinnian [age] sui le

    • Q: [year] nian chushing (Born in year [Year])

    • Example: er ling ling wu nian chushing (Born in 20052005).

CHAPTER 3: OCCUPATIONS, LOCATIONS, AND BIRTHDAYS

Professions (Occupations)

  • yisheng: Doctor

  • hushi: Nurse

  • jingchá: Police

  • göngwuyuan: Government staff

  • kuȧijishi: Accountant

  • jingli: Manager

  • lu shi: Lawyer

  • jiǎngshi: Lecturer

  • shangren: Businessman

  • mishū: Secretary

  • nóng tu: Farmer

  • chushi: Chef

  • shejishi: Designer

  • göngcheng shi: Engineer

  • tui xin: Retired (bersara)

Workplaces and Institutions

  • yiyuan: Hospital

  • zhen suo: Clinic

  • jingchaj: Police station

  • Mala Gongyi Daxué: Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)

  • yinhang: Bank

  • kuaiji gongsi: Accounting firm

  • gouwu zhongxin: Shopping mall

  • xu'exiao: School (all levels)

  • gongchang: Factory

  • gōng zuò: Work / Job (kerja)

Locations and Malaysian Geography (Mǎláixiyà Ditu)

  • Róufó: Johor

  • Xin shan: Johor Bahru

  • Mǎilujiǎ: Melaka

  • Senmeilan: Negeri Sembilan

  • Furồng: Seremban

  • Buchéng: Putrajaya

  • Xuš é lán'é: Selangor

  • Sha'anan: Shah Alam

  • Jiongpó: Kuala Lumpur (KL)

  • Pengheng: Pahang

  • Guandan: Kuantan

  • Dengjialou: Terengganu

  • Guālādengjiälóu: Kuala Terengganu

  • Jilandan: Kelantan

  • Gēdabalu: Kota Bharu

  • Pili: Perak

  • Yibão: Ipoh

  • Bingcheng: Pulau Pinang

  • Qiao zhishi: George Town

  • Jida: Kedah

  • Yalno shida: Alor Setar

  • Bölishi: Perlis

  • Jiayang: Kangar

  • Shaba: Sabah

  • Yapi / Gédǎjingnabalu: Kota Kinabalu (KK)

  • Shalayùe: Sarawak

  • Gǔjin: Kuching

Time and Dates

  • jintian: Today

  • mingtian: Tomorrow

  • zuo tiān: Yesterday

  • nián: Year

  • yuè: Month

  • hào: Day of the month / number

  • shengri: Birthday

  • shengri kuailė: Happy Birthday (HB)

General Actions and Phrases

  • zuo: To do / To make

  • zuo shénme: Doing what?

  • chi fan: To eat (rice)

  • chi: To eat

  • qu: To go

  • zài: At / Stay / Live at

  • bu za: Not at

  • zhu: To stay / reside / wish (wish as in "zhu ni…")

  • lǎo jiā: Hometown

  • hảo a: Alright / Okay

  • lái: To come

  • shouji: Handphone

  • hào mà: Number

  • dianhua haoma: Phone/fax number (usually 99 or 10−1110-11 digits)

  • huanying: Welcome

Dialogues about Life and Career

  • Birthdays:

    • Q: ni de shēng vì shì ji yuè gì nào? (When is your birthday?)

    • A: wo de shengri shi [month] yuè [day] hào

  • Address and Identity:

    • Q: nó chủ tài nă? (Where do you live?)

    • A: wo zhu zài [location]

    • Q: ni shi năm nên? (Where are you from/What is your nationality?)

    • A: wo shi [place] ren

    • Q: ni de lǎojia zài nali? (Where is your hometown?)

    • A: wo de lǎojia zai [location]

  • Employment:

    • Q: tā zài nǎli gongzuò? (Where does he/she work?)

    • A: tā zài [workplace] gongzuò

    • Note: If someone is not working (meiyou gongzuo), follow up with a reason.

CHAPTER 4: TIME AND SCHEDULING

Days of the Week (Xinggi ji)

  • xingqiyi: Monday

  • xingqi'èr: Tuesday

  • xingqisān: Wednesday

  • xingqisì: Thursday

  • xingqiwů: Friday

  • xingqiliù: Saturday

  • xinggitian / xingqiyì: Sunday

  • zhou mo: Weekend

Time Elements

  • dian: Hour / O'clock

  • fén: Minute

  • yi ke: 1515 minutes (a quarter)

  • san kè: 4545 minutes

  • bàn: Half (3030 minutes)

  • xian zài: Now

School and Office Life

  • shang ke: Having class / lecture

  • jiaoshi: Classroom

  • lóu: Floor / Level (e.g., ji l'ou: What level?)

  • mang: Busy

  • tú shuguan: Library

  • jião / jiao: To submit / To hantar (e.g., jião gong ke)

  • bangong shi: Office

  • kai hui: Having a meeting

  • kão shi: Having an exam

  • ting: To listen

  • jiǎngzuo: Seminar / Lecture (ceramah)

  • jiàn: To meet

  • xizhuven: Program head (ketua program)

  • kafeiting: Cafe

  • he chá: Drink tea

  • hē: To drink

  • chufáng: Kitchen

  • zuòfàn: Cooking / To cook

  • shui giao: To sleep

  • gichuang: Wake up

  • fùxí: To revise

General Terms

  • yiqi: Together

  • zou ba: Let's go (jomlah)

  • hào: Number

  • shang: Up / On

  • hia di: Under / Down

  • dui: Correct

Dialogues for Daily Routine

  • Determining Days and Times:

    • Q: Jintian xinggi ji? (What day is today?)

    • A: Jintian xingi [day]

    • Q: xianzai ji dian? (What time is it now?)

    • A: xian zai [hour] dian [minute] fen

  • Movement and Location:

    • Q: Ni xianzai yao qu nali? (Where are you going now?)

    • A: wo yão qu [location]

    • Q: zai ji lou? (Which floor?)

    • A: zai [number] Lou

Exam Information

  • Duration: 50 minit50\,\text{minit}

  • Question Count: 30 soalan30\,\text{soalan}

  • Sections:

    1. Listening (B kosa kata)

    2. True/False (dui / X)

    3. Translation Section

    4. Q&A Section (soal jawab)

    5. Dialogue Section