Chapter 2 -The Mexican Revolution, 1876–1940
^^What is was the Mexican Revolution?^^
A political revolution that removed dictator Porfirio Diaz, and hoped to institute democratic reforms. While a constitution was written in 1917, it was many more years until true change occurred.
==Vocabulary==
- Harlem Hellfighters - The 369th Infantry Regiment consisted of mainly African Americans fighting under French command.
- Pancho Villa - Mexican rebel who tried to provoke war between the US and Mexico.
- Black Jack Pershing - American General commanding both the hunt for Villa and the American Expeditionary Force in Europe.
- Triple Entente - An alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI; mostly democracies with one monarchy.
- Central Powers - Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire; mostly monarchies and stratocracies.
- democracy - A form of government in which citizens govern themselves via elections and voting.
- monarchy - A government ruled by a king or queen.
- stratocracy - Rule by the military.
- Ace - The title given to any fighter pilot who's shot down 5+ planes
- Trench Warfare - Soldiers fire on one another from opposing lines of dugout trenches.
- Chemical warfare - warfare using chemical agents to kill or injure or incapacitate the enemy
- Wall Street - The new capitol of the world's economy in WWI.
- Woodrow Wilson - President during WWI; won re-election on the slogan "He kept us out of the war."
- Unrestricted Submarine Warfare - German policy of sinking any merchant ship in the war zone to starve Britain.
@@Timeline of Events:@@
| Date: | Event: |
|---|---|
| 1884 | - Porfirio Diaz begins his second term as president |
| 1908 | - In an interview with American Journalist, Diaz announces that he will retire at the end of his term because Mexico is ready to hold free elections |
| 1910 | - Diaz runs for reelection but when Francisco Madero enters the race, he imprisoned Madero and again wins the election (not keeping the promise) - Madero escapes and decides to overthrow Diaz rule (Revolution starts) - Thousands of Mexicans flee the U.S. |
| 1911 | - Madero creates a provisional capital of Mexico in an adobe building - Having lost in Diaz resigns and flees to Paris, France - Madero wins election to the Mexican presidency - The U.S. sends crowds to the border, fearing that the revolution would cross over the border |
| 1913 | - People joins with Diaz in planning a coup against Madero -Carranza calls for a return to the values of Constitution of 1857 |
| 1914 | -Villa's revolutionaries establish offices - Villa and Zapata break from Carranza and continue to challenge him -Carranza flees to Veracruz, where he negotiates the removal of U.S. troops |
| 1915 | -Carranza's supporters defeat Villa at the Battle of Celaya; Zapata's supporters are defeated - The United States recognizes Carranza as Mexico's president |
| 1917 | -A new Mexican Constitution is drafted and Carranza is elected president |
| 1920 | -New person, (Obregon) is elected president of Mexico |
- During Diaz's rule, he took large amounts of land from the poor and gave it to the rich
- The great difference between rich and poor
- The dictatorship-like rule of Porfirio Diaz for over 30 years Opponents who refused Diaz's bribes were beaten up, murdered, or arrested
- Diaz ruled Mexico in his own way, didn't listen to the people in his country and didn't keep the promise he had made
Exploitation and poor treatment of workers
- The revolution was successful in getting rid of Porfirio Diaz
- Since the revolution, no president governed for longer that 6 years in office
- Many Mexicans began immigrating to America
- Mexican people finally developed and established a sense of identity and purpose.
- Also established guidelines for future Mexican policies and Leaders.
- Mexican have achieved great progress of modernization, and the economy developed by Diaz's method of ruling.