Chapter 2: Science Fiction, Bad Science, and Pseudoscience

Learning Outcomes:

1. Properties associated with living organisms

2. List components of water and some of the properties that make it important in living organisms

   • solution - chemical mixture

     • solute - substants that dissolves in solvent

     • solvent - substance that dissolves solute (water #1)

   • Hydrophobic vs Hydrophilic

   • moderates temp

   • facilitates chemical reactions

3. Summarize the chemical reasons that carbon is an important component of living organisms

4. Compare and contrast hydrogen, covalent, and ionic bonds

   • Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between molecules

   • Nonpolar - perfectly balanced, electrons shared equally, hydrophobic

   • Covalent bonds - shared electrons

     • single bond

     • double bond

   • Ionic bonds - electrons transferred

5. Describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and the roles these macromolecules play in cells

   • Macrocolecules - big

     • in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

     • made of monomer subunits

     • Carbohydrates - carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

   • Amino Acids are building blocks of proteins

6. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

   • pro - small, simple, no nucleus

   • eu - big, cell wall, nucleus

7. Provide a general summary of the theory of evolution

• Molecules vs elements: molecules have two or more atoms, held together by chemical bonds

• Or