Abnormal Test #3 Review Notes

Focus on various mental health disorders including: - Feeding and Eating Disorders - Elimination Disorders - Sexual Disorders - Disruptive Disorders - Personality Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: - Symptoms: - Anorexia: Severe restriction of food intake, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image. - Bulimia: Binge eating followed by purging, feelings of lack of control during binges, self-evaluation heavily influenced by body shape/weight. - Major Difference: - Anorexia involves severe calorie restriction, while bulimia involves cycles of binging and purging.
Rumination Disorder: - Definition: An eating disorder where individuals repeatedly regurgitate food, which may be re-chewed or spit out, and this is not due to a medical condition.
Avoidant/Restricted Food Intake Disorder: - Characterized by a lack of interest in eating or avoidance of food due to sensory characteristics or fear of negative consequences.

Enuresis: Involuntary urination, often during sleep (bedwetting).
Encopresis: Involuntary defecation, usually associated with difficult bowel control.
Differences: - Enuresis relates to bladder control while encopresis relates to bowel control.
Primary Causes: - Could include developmental issues, trauma, and behavioral disorders.

Erectile Disorders: - Various types include: - Primary erectile dysfunction: Lifelong inability to achieve or maintain an erection. - Secondary erectile dysfunction: Acquired condition after a period of normal erectile function.
Cultural Factors: - Culture plays an important role in influencing sexual norms, attitudes, and could impact the prevalence and experience of sexual disorders. - Sexual therapy often involves partners to address relationship dynamics and communication issues.
Erectile Disorder Criteria: - Marked difficulty in obtaining or maintaining an erection during sexual activity a minimum of 75-100% of the time for at least 6 months.

Gender Dysphoria: - A condition where an individual experiences significant distress due to a discrepancy between their experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender at birth.
Intermittent Explosive Disorder: - Criteria include recurrent episodes of aggressive verbal or physical behavior that is out of proportion to the provocation and causes marked distress or impairment.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): - A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months.
Conduct Disorder: - A pattern of behavior where the basic rights of others or major societal norms/rules are violated.

Common Factor: - Many personality disorders share a common factor of maladaptive behavior patterns developed, often stemming from childhood experiences. - Difficult to work with in therapy due to complex nature.
Characteristics: - Rigid and unhealthy patterns of thinking, functioning, and behaving. - Interpersonal difficulties and self-perception problems.
Differences from Other Disorders: - Personality disorders are viewed as enduring patterns of behavior that deviate from societal expectations, and they often develop in childhood or adolescence.
Personality Clusters: - Cluster A: Odd or eccentric disorders (e.g., paranoid, schizoid). - Cluster B: Dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders (e.g., histrionic, borderline). - Cluster C: Anxious or fearful disorders (e.g., avoidant, dependent).

Histrionic Personality Disorder: - Key traits include excessive emotionality, attention-seeking behavior, and often manipulative actions to maintain attention.
Paranoid Personality Disorder: - Distrust and suspicion of others leading to social isolation.
Schizoid Personality Disorder: - Exhibits a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression.