Hypothesis Testing: Null Models, P-values, and Evidence

Understanding Hypothesis Testing: Null Models, P-values, and Evidence

This section explains the core concepts of hypothesis testing, focusing on the null and alternative hypotheses, simulating under the null model, and interpreting the p-value to assess evidence against the null.

The Null Hypothesis (H_0)

• Definition: The null hypothesis (H_0) is a statement of no effect, no difference, or no relationship between variables. It represents the