Understanding Devolution

Definition of Devolution

Devolution is the movement of power from the central government to a regional gov’t.

Examples of Devolution

Example: Northern Ireland was given its own Parliament from Great Britain in 2002.

Consequences of Devolution

Devolution can sometimes lead to civil war or splitting of a country.

Forces Influencing Devolution

Devolution occurs because of centrifugal forces: events and issues that divide.
Centripetal forces = unite a state.

Types of Devolutionary Movements

Ethnocultural Devolutionary Movements

Nations or ethnic groups that consider themselves separate from rest of country can cause devolution.
The Former Yugoslavia broke apart in 1990s along ethnic and religious lines.
Religion, language, ethnicity can all be centrifugal forces AND centripetal forces.

Economic Devolutionary Forces

The area feels neglected economically from rest of state.
Examples: Island of Sardinia in Italy.
The area is economically successful and feels held back by rest of state.
Examples: Republic of Pampas in southern Brazil.
Economic frustration is a centrifugal force.

Spatial Interaction and Devolution

Impact of Spatial Interaction

Most devolutionary movements occur on the edges of the state: the coast, along the border, far from capital.
Many devolutionary movements occur on islands, separate from state.
Ex: Hawaii.