Biology and Behavior Summary

Biology & Behavior Overview

  • Nervous System

    • Components:
    • Central Nervous System (CNS)
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
    • Brain, Spinal Cord
    • Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

  • Neurons

    • Basic building blocks of the nervous system
    • Comprised of cell body, axon, and dendrites
    • Types of Neurons:
    • Afferent (Sensory): Carry messages to the brain
    • Efferent (Motor): Send messages from the brain
    • Interneurons: Connect other neurons

  • Neuron Firing

    • Electrical impulses propagate through neurons at the synapse junction utilizing neurotransmitters (e.g., Acetylcholine, Dopamine)

  • Autonomic Nervous System

    • Divisions:
    • Sympathetic: Fight or flight response
    • Parasympathetic: Rest and digest

  • Brain Structure

    • Major parts include the Hindbrain, Midbrain, and Forebrain
    • Functions like breathing, heart rate, and higher thinking processes
    • Lobes of the brain include:
    • Frontal (planning and movement)
    • Parietal (sensory information)
    • Temporal (hearing and memory)
    • Occipital (vision)

  • Endocrine System

    • Regulates bodily functions via hormones
    • Key glands: Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Thyroid, and Adrenal glands

  • Brain Injury Types

    • Concussion: Temporary loss of consciousness
    • Contusions: Bruising of neural tissue
    • Lacerations: Serious injuries that destroy brain tissue

  • Neurosurgery and Techniques

    • Tools include electrical recordings (EEG), CT, PET, and MRI scans

  • Behavioral Genetics

    • Exploration of nature vs. nurture influences on behavior
    • Twin studies highlight genetic vs. environmental contributions
    • Examples include identical and fraternal twins' comparisons