Notes on Tourism and Hospitality: Network, Supply, and Organizations

TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY NETWORK COMPONENTS

  • There are 3 categories of Tourism and Hospitality Network Components.
    • Category 1: Direct Providers
    • Category 2: Support Services
    • Category 3: Tourism Developmental Organizations

CATEGORY 1 DIRECT PROVIDERS

  • Travel Agency

  • Hotel

  • Retail Shops

  • Restaurants

  • Airlines

  • Ground Transportation

  • Definition and role: Direct providers are businesses that are related to travel and provide direct products/services to tourists. They deliver services, activities and products consumed/purchased directly by travelers. (Source: descriptions of Category 1 in the notes.)

CATEGORY 2 SUPPORT SERVICES

  • Contract Food Services

  • Contract Laundry

  • Food Suppliers

  • Tour Organizations

  • Travel Publication

  • Definition and role: Support services lend specialized or ancillary support to direct providers and thereby to travelers. They supply goods/services through direct providers or facilitate the traveler experience indirectly. (Source: Category 2 description.)

CATEGORY 3 TOURISM DEVELOPMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

  • Government Agencies

  • Financial Institutions

  • Real Estate Developers

  • Training Institutions

  • Definition and role: Tourism developmental organizations focus on long-term tourism/hospitality development. They include planners, government agencies, developers and educational institutions, with broader scope than the first two categories. (Source: Category 3 description.)

TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY SUPPLY COMPONENTS

  • The supply components provide the foundation for delivering the tourism experience and include resources, infrastructure, and services that destination managers coordinate.

  • Core components (as a framework):

    • Infrastructure
    • Superstructure
    • Transportation & Equipment
    • Natural Resources & Environment
    • Hospitality Resources

  • Definitions and examples:

    • Infrastructure: Underground and surface developments such as water supply, gas lines, electrical and communication systems, highways, airport runways, railroads, dock facilities, etc. These are essential facilities that enable movement and access to destinations. \text{Infrastructure} participates in the overall tourism system.
    • Superstructure: Above-ground facilities such as airport buildings, passenger terminals, hotels, resorts, shopping centers, places of entertainment and similar structures.
    • Transportation & Equipment: Ships, airplanes, trains, buses and similar passenger transportation facilities; emphasizes convenient access and quality service; also considers the cost of reaching the destination and staying there.
    • Natural Resources & Environment: Climate, landforms, terrain, flora, fauna, bodies of water, natural beauty and similar attractions; variety and uniqueness of scenery enhance appeal.
    • Hospitality Resources: Cultural wealth and hosting capacity of an area; includes welcoming spirit of tourism industry employees, courtesy, friendliness, willingness to serve, and the cultural resources of an area.

  • Additional cross-cutting notes:

    • Service is what you do; Hospitality is how you make people feel. (Quotation from the provided slides.)
    • The five A’s and the supply components are complementary lenses for understanding a destination.
    • The 5 A’s framework and supply components operate from different perspectives (demand vs. supply).

  • The 5 A’s of tourism (essential components): A = {\text{Accessibility},\ \text{Attraction},\ \text{Accommodation},\ \text{Activities},\ \text{Amenities}}

  • Five A’s described:

    • Accessibility: ease of reaching the destination; includes transport options and connectivity.
    • Attraction: the sights, experiences, and activities that draw visitors.
    • Accommodation: places to stay (hotels, lodgings).
    • Activities: experiences and events travelers engage in.
    • Amenities: services and facilities that improve comfort (shops, information centers, restrooms, etc.).

  • The 5 A’s vs Supply Components (from the slides):

    • 5 A’s provide a demand-side perspective (what travelers need).
    • Supply Components provide a supply-side perspective (what the industry must provide to meet demand).
    • Both frameworks help explain why a destination is functional and appealing, but they focus on different angles of the tourism system.

KEY CONCEPTS OF THE TOURISM NETWORK AND SUPPLY

SERVICE AND HOSPITALITY MOTTO

  • "SERVICE IS WHAT YOU DO. HOSPITALITY IS HOW YOU MAKE PEOPLE FEEL."

MAP-BASED NETWORK CONTEXT (EXAMPLE FROM SLIDES)

  • The network map shows major urban areas and transit corridors (e.g., LRT Line 1, LRT Line 2, RMRT Line 3) highlighting how transportation nodes connect destinations.
  • It also references districts and localities (e.g., Malabon, Quezon City, Katipunan, Araneta-Cubao, Diliman, Mandaluyong, Makati, Pasig, Taguig, Antipolo, etc.).

TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY ORGANIZATIONS

  • Global and regional structuring importance:
    • International, regional, national, and private organizations exist to coordinate, promote, and regulate tourism/hospitality activities.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

  • UN Tourism Organization (UNWTO): now referred to as UNWTO; chief international body in travel and tourism. Aims to promote tourism, support economic development, international peace, prosperity, and universal human rights.
  • ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization): A UN agency; promotes civil aviation worldwide; aims to ensure safe, orderly flight and uniform rules across countries.
  • IATA (International Air Transport Association): Represents airline operators; aims to promote safe, regular, and economical air transport; facilitates faster air commerce; certifies travel agencies to ensure trust.
  • WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council): Nonprofit organization; global forum of top decision-makers in travel and tourism; advocates industry best practices and policy influence.

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development): Promote economic growth, employment, and higher living standards; emphasizes financial stability.
  • PATA (Pacific Asia Travel Association): Established in 1951; includes governments, airlines, travel agencies, carriers, and tourism bodies across the Pacific; promotes tourism development and member interests.
  • APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation): Coordinates national economies in the Asia-Pacific; aims for sustainable economic growth and regional prosperity.

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (PHILIPPINES)

  • DOT (Department of Tourism): Primary government agency responsible for encouraging, promoting, and developing tourism as a major economic activity.
  • TIEZA (Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority): Formerly PTA; designates, regulates, and supervises Tourism Enterprises Zones and oversees tourism infrastructure projects.
  • TPB (Tourism Promotions Board): Formulates and implements integrated domestic and international marketing programs for DOT.
  • IA (Intramuros Administration): Preserves, restores, and manages Intramuros, the historic walled city in Manila; preserves living monument to Spanish-era history.
  • NPDC (National Parks Development Committee): Oversees national parks in the Philippines.
  • NPF (Nayong Pilipino Foundation): Promotes Filipino cultural heritage and identity through education, research, and tourism initiatives.
  • DFPC (Duty Free Philippines Corporation): Operates duty- and tax-free merchandising system in the Philippines; government-owned.

PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS (PHILIPPINES)

  • PHILTOA (Philippine Tour Operators Association): Advocates sustainable tourism; includes tour operators, hotels, and transport companies.
  • PTAA (Philippine Travel Agencies Association): Represents travel agencies; promotes travel safety, professionalism, and industry unity.
  • HRAP (Hotel and Restaurant Association of the Philippines): Non-profit group; provides trainings, advocacy, and networking for hotels and restaurants.
  • PSA (Philippine Sommeliers Association): Promotes sommelier profession; improves wine education and responsible beverage service; supports hospitality and culinary sectors.

CAPSTONE PRESENTATION AND COURSE REQUIREMENTS (SUMMARY)

  • Capstone: Max of 25 minutes for an oral presentation with slides.

  • Include one local interview or two citations from regional tourism plans/news articles.

  • Visuals: maps, infographics, or images to support data.

  • Capstone Presentation Instructions (scope):

    • Each group selects one municipality from the following: Angono, Antipolo, Binangonan, Cainta, Taytay.
    • Required Topics include:
      1) Scope and Sector of Tourism: Identify stakeholders (min. 5) and their roles; discuss different sectors present in the municipality with at least 3 business names per sector.
      2) Tourism Network and Supply: Discuss components of the tourism network in the municipality; explain connections to the tourist experience (3 direct, 3 support, 3 TDO); identify tourism and supply components available in the municipality; provide 1 tourism initiative by the local government.
      3) Impacts of the Tourism Industry: Evaluate economic, social, cultural, and environmental effects (at least 2 positive and 2 negative for each); cite employment, cultural preservation/commodification, traffic, waste, etc.
      4) End with reflective recommendation: one actionable idea to improve tourism in the chosen location.
      5) Documentation of work while completing the capstone.

VISUAL AIDS, CRITERIA, AND PRESENTATION RUBRIC (SUMMARY)

  • Visual Aid Criteria:

    • Emphasize balance between text and graphics; avoid heavy text; use graphics to illustrate points.
    • Use maps/infographics to support data.

  • Oral Presentation Rubric (simplified):

    • Clarity and audibility; confidence and delivery; organization and transitions; ownership of content.
    • Visuals: effective support with minimal raw text; professional appearance and attire.
    • Content: original analysis with thorough coverage; avoid over-reliance on internet copy; include required components.

ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CONTEXT FROM THE SLIDES

  • The material emphasizes understanding both the demand-side and supply-side perspectives in tourism decision-making.
  • The slides juxtapose the 5 A’s framework with the tourism supply components to help students grasp how destinations are designed and experienced.
  • A map-based illustration highlights how transport networks (e.g., LRT lines) connect urban centers and tourist hubs within a metropolitan area.
  • The International/National/Private organizations section provides a comprehensive overview of the governance, promotion, and industry advocacy structures that influence tourism policy and practice.

KEY DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS (RECAP)

  • Direct Providers: Businesses that supply direct products/services to travelers (e.g., airlines, hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, ground transport).

  • Support Services: Ancillary services that support direct providers and the traveler experience (e.g., food services, laundry, suppliers, tour organizations, travel publications).

  • Tourism Developmental Organizations: Organizations focusing on long-term tourism development (government, financial institutions, real estate developers, training institutions).

  • Supply Components: The infrastructure, superstructure, transportation/equipment, natural resources/environment, and hospitality resources that enable tourism activity.

  • Five A’s: Accessibility, Attraction, Accommodation, Activities, Amenities.

  • Service vs Hospitality: The distinction that “service” is what is performed, while “hospitality” is how guests feel and are treated.

  • For reference: the Philippines’ tourism governance structure includes DOT and agencies like TIEZA, TPB, IA, NPDC, NPF, and private sector bodies like PHILTOA, PTAA, HRAP, PSA.