Anatomy Upper Limb Blurting
Acromioclavicular joint → synovial joint where the clavicle and acromion meet. The pectoralis major, deltoid, trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid attach here.
Spine of Scapula → Separates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus fossa. Origin to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus.
Acromion Process → Deltoid originates here → attaches into the deltoid tuberosity on the. Part of the trapezius attaches here.
Inferior Angle of Spine → Where the medial and lateral border of the scapula meet. The latissimus dorsi and teres major attach here.
Medial Border of Scapula → Serratus anterior, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and rhomboid major attach here.
Lateral border of scapula → Where the glenoid cavity is located → articulates with humerus → Glenohumeral joint. The teres minor originates here. Triceps attach here.
Greater Tubercle → A large prominence on the lateral aspect of the proximal humerus. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor attach here.
Lesser Tubercle → A smaller prominence on the anterior aspect of the proximal humerus. SUBSCAPULARIS attaches here.
Lateral Epicondyle → A large prominence on the lateral aspect of the distal humerus. The supinator originates here.
Medial Epicondyle → A large prominence of the medial aspect of the distal humerus. The pronator teres originates here. Ulna nerve runs in the groove behind the medial epicondyle
Olecranon Process → Makes up the border cubital tunnel and the triceps attach here.
Radial styloid Process → Brachioradialis. attaches
Scaphoid → Radial Border of Carpal Tunnel
Pisiform → Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and Adductor Digiti Minimi attach here
Axilla → transition zone that lies below the glenohumeral joint. The brachial plexus and branches, axillary artery and axillary vein passes through this transition zone. The anterior border is the pectoralis major, the lateral border is the humerus/bicep, the medial border is the serratus anterior, ribs and intercostal muscles and the posterior border is the Subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi.
Cubital Tunnel → Allows for the passage of the ulna nerve from the arm into the forearm without it being compressed during elbow flexion. The borders that make up the cubital tunnel is the medial epicondyle, the olecranon process, the elbow joint capsule and the medial collateral ligament of the elbow and the ligament spanning from the medial epicondyle to the olecranon process.
The cubital fossa is a transition zone between the arm and the forearm located in the depression of the anterior elbow joint. The proximal border is the hypothetical line between the medial and lateral epicondyles, the lateral border is the brachioradialis and the medial border is the pronator teres. The contents that go through this transition zone is the median nerve, brachial artery and vein, tendon of bicep and the radial nerve.
The carpal tunnel is a narrow transition zone that allows passage into the palm for several tendons and the median nerve. It has 2 layers, the deep carpal arch and the superficial flexor retinaculum. There are a total of 9 tendons surrounded in a synovial sheath and a median nerve that travels through the carpel tunnel.
1 flexor policis Longus
4 flexor digitorum profundus
4 flexor digitorum superficialis
Head Bones: Maxilla, Mandible, Conchae, Nasal, Vomer, Lacrimal, Zygotic, Palatine
Face Bones: Ethmoid, Occipital, Parietal, Frontal, Temporal, Sphenoid
Pterion: H shaped sutural junction between the parietal, frontal, sphenoid and the temporal bones. Many sutures intersect at this point making it a weak part of the skull. The meningeal artery travels below the pterion, damage to this area can result in intercranial haemorrhage.
The Temoporomandibualr joint is a synovial joint that connects the mandible to the rest of the skull. It’s function is to facilitate movement of the lower jaw.
Masseter → Palpate by placing fingers on the side of the jaw and clenching teeth gently.
The masseter elevates and protracts the mandible