Human Anatomy

  • Trachea – The passage in which air moves from the mouth and nose to the lungs. It is a part of the respiratory system and helps filter the air before it reaches the lungs.

  • Tracheal Rings – Provide structural support to the trachea, preventing it from collapsing and ensuring that the airway remains open for air passage.

  • Heart – an organ that pumps blood throughout the body. It ensures the circulation of oxygenated blood to the tissues and organs.

  • Pericardium – a double-walled sac that surrounds the heart. It serves to protect the heart, reduce friction during heartbeats, and maintain its position within the chest cavity.

  • Pulmonary Artery (dorsal) – This artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, where it will be oxygenated.

  • Inferior/Superior Vena Cava (ventral) – These large veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. The inferior vena cava returns blood from the lower body, while the superior vena cava brings blood from the upper body.

  • Pulmonary Veins (more ventral) – carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart, completing the cycle of blood circulation between the heart and lungs.Aortas the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

  • Right and Left Atrium – The atria are the upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cavae, while the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.

  • Right and Left Ventricle – The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta.

  • Diaphragm – The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs. It plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to facilitate the expansion and contraction of the lungs.

Lung (lobes R/L) – The lungs are responsible for gas exchange, where oxygen is absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood. The right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes to accommodate the heart.