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AQA GCSE Product Design: 1.1 - New & Emerging Technologies

1.1 - New & Emerging Technologies:

Industry:

  • Industrial Revolution -

    • The late 1700s

    • Due to the development of emerging technology (steam power)

    • Before this, products were made in home workshops

    • Now, new technologies allow for products to be made faster and more economically in factories

  • Modern factories usually have access to transportation methods, e.g. good roads, railways and seaports

    • Easy to get raw materials

    • Easy to transport products

  • Shops - splitting industries into areas in factories

  • Car manufacturing shops -

    • Pressing shop

    • Axle shop

    • Body shop

    • Paint shop

    • Plastics shop

    • Casting shop

Enterprise:

  • Crowdfunding -

    • Funding a project by raising money from large numbers of people

    • Uses the internet, e.g. social media, websites

    • People donate small amounts

    • Donations - people give money for believing in the cause

    • Equity - the money buys shares in the business

    • Debt - the money is loaned and paid back with interest

  • Co-operatives -

    • A business that is owned and self-managed by its workers

    • Workers set production schedules and determine working conditions

    • Usually have higher productivity than conventional companies

    • Usually, all shares are held by the workforce with no outside or consumer owners

Fairtrade:

  • A movement that aims to achieve fair and better trading conditions and opportunities that promote sustainability for developing countries

  • Prevents an unfair balance of power among corporations

  • Farmers have to fight against unfair larger farms which can sell for less money

  • Allows equality and income stability

  • Millions of dollars reinvested.

  • 70% of the world's food is grown on small farms.

  • Social media promotes it.

Sustainability:

  • Meeting present-day needs without compromising the needs of future generations.

  • Finite Resources -

    • A resource that does not renew itself quickly enough to meet the needs of future generations, e.g. coal, natural gas and oil.

    • There is no natural way to bring them back when they are gone.

  • Non-Finite Resources -

    • A resource that can replenish itself quickly enough to meet our needs, e.g. water, and plants. Also, we are using renewable energy sources e.g. solar, geothermal and wind.

  • Manufacturers need to think about the life cycle of a product and how this will affect the environment.

Changing Job Roles:

  • CAD -

    • Computer aided design

    • Easier to design

    • You can visualise the product before creation

    • It is easy to share and collaborate with others.

    • Designs won’t be lost as easily

    • Ideas easily edited

    • Much quicker than conventional drawings

  • CAM -

    • Computer-aided manufacturing

    • Reduces human error

    • Minimises waste

  • Robots help efficiency and price but can make people lose their jobs.

Culture

  • The values, beliefs, customs and behaviours used by groups and societies to interact with one another and the world

  • We can choose some (political) cultures but are born into some others (religion)

Production Techniques & Systems:

  • FMS -

    • Flexible manufacturing system

    • Productive, efficient conveyor-like system

  • One-off production -

    • Where only 1 of these products is made. It’s custom-made and you cannot find another one the same.

  • CNC -

    • Computer numerically controlled

    • Efficient automation, saving time, effort and money.

  • JIT -

    • Just-in-time production

    • Companies create products when requested because they aren’t commonly requested

  • Lean manufacturing -

    • Focusing on the reduction of waste during manufacturing.

    • Save on storage (less space needed)

    • A smaller amount of unused stock

    • Less waste

How the Critical Evaluation of New and Emerging Technologies Informs Design Decisions:

  • Planned Obsolescence -

    • Where a product has been planned so it cannot be fixed so you buy more, making money for companies.

  • Design Maintenance -

    • Functions that help a product keep working correctly throughout its life

    • e.g. changing batteries, changing components

  • Ethics -

    • Low costs usually mean that they have come from abroad meaning local jobs are lost

  • Environment -

    • Designers need to consider how to reduce their impact on the environment

  • End of Life Disposal -

    • Disposal can impact the environment

    • Recycling is good as it can be reused instead of being buried or burnt.

    • Aluminium cans are recycled by a re-melt process into ingots to be made into more cans

    • Glass bottles are reused by being sterilised and then reused.

  • Biodegradable -

    • The materials naturally break down quickly when in landfill to naturally occurring substances

    • Supermarkets make us pay for plastic bags to encourage us to reuse our bags, saving the environment.

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AQA GCSE Product Design: 1.1 - New & Emerging Technologies

1.1 - New & Emerging Technologies:

Industry:

  • Industrial Revolution -

    • The late 1700s

    • Due to the development of emerging technology (steam power)

    • Before this, products were made in home workshops

    • Now, new technologies allow for products to be made faster and more economically in factories

  • Modern factories usually have access to transportation methods, e.g. good roads, railways and seaports

    • Easy to get raw materials

    • Easy to transport products

  • Shops - splitting industries into areas in factories

  • Car manufacturing shops -

    • Pressing shop

    • Axle shop

    • Body shop

    • Paint shop

    • Plastics shop

    • Casting shop

Enterprise:

  • Crowdfunding -

    • Funding a project by raising money from large numbers of people

    • Uses the internet, e.g. social media, websites

    • People donate small amounts

    • Donations - people give money for believing in the cause

    • Equity - the money buys shares in the business

    • Debt - the money is loaned and paid back with interest

  • Co-operatives -

    • A business that is owned and self-managed by its workers

    • Workers set production schedules and determine working conditions

    • Usually have higher productivity than conventional companies

    • Usually, all shares are held by the workforce with no outside or consumer owners

Fairtrade:

  • A movement that aims to achieve fair and better trading conditions and opportunities that promote sustainability for developing countries

  • Prevents an unfair balance of power among corporations

  • Farmers have to fight against unfair larger farms which can sell for less money

  • Allows equality and income stability

  • Millions of dollars reinvested.

  • 70% of the world's food is grown on small farms.

  • Social media promotes it.

Sustainability:

  • Meeting present-day needs without compromising the needs of future generations.

  • Finite Resources -

    • A resource that does not renew itself quickly enough to meet the needs of future generations, e.g. coal, natural gas and oil.

    • There is no natural way to bring them back when they are gone.

  • Non-Finite Resources -

    • A resource that can replenish itself quickly enough to meet our needs, e.g. water, and plants. Also, we are using renewable energy sources e.g. solar, geothermal and wind.

  • Manufacturers need to think about the life cycle of a product and how this will affect the environment.

Changing Job Roles:

  • CAD -

    • Computer aided design

    • Easier to design

    • You can visualise the product before creation

    • It is easy to share and collaborate with others.

    • Designs won’t be lost as easily

    • Ideas easily edited

    • Much quicker than conventional drawings

  • CAM -

    • Computer-aided manufacturing

    • Reduces human error

    • Minimises waste

  • Robots help efficiency and price but can make people lose their jobs.

Culture

  • The values, beliefs, customs and behaviours used by groups and societies to interact with one another and the world

  • We can choose some (political) cultures but are born into some others (religion)

Production Techniques & Systems:

  • FMS -

    • Flexible manufacturing system

    • Productive, efficient conveyor-like system

  • One-off production -

    • Where only 1 of these products is made. It’s custom-made and you cannot find another one the same.

  • CNC -

    • Computer numerically controlled

    • Efficient automation, saving time, effort and money.

  • JIT -

    • Just-in-time production

    • Companies create products when requested because they aren’t commonly requested

  • Lean manufacturing -

    • Focusing on the reduction of waste during manufacturing.

    • Save on storage (less space needed)

    • A smaller amount of unused stock

    • Less waste

How the Critical Evaluation of New and Emerging Technologies Informs Design Decisions:

  • Planned Obsolescence -

    • Where a product has been planned so it cannot be fixed so you buy more, making money for companies.

  • Design Maintenance -

    • Functions that help a product keep working correctly throughout its life

    • e.g. changing batteries, changing components

  • Ethics -

    • Low costs usually mean that they have come from abroad meaning local jobs are lost

  • Environment -

    • Designers need to consider how to reduce their impact on the environment

  • End of Life Disposal -

    • Disposal can impact the environment

    • Recycling is good as it can be reused instead of being buried or burnt.

    • Aluminium cans are recycled by a re-melt process into ingots to be made into more cans

    • Glass bottles are reused by being sterilised and then reused.

  • Biodegradable -

    • The materials naturally break down quickly when in landfill to naturally occurring substances

    • Supermarkets make us pay for plastic bags to encourage us to reuse our bags, saving the environment.