History Study Guide: Edit 3/16

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Economics: study of how people make decisions where wants are unlimited but recourses are limited, choices and decisions making

Economic Systems - system that answers the question of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and service

    1. What is produced

    2. how is it produced

    3. how its distributed + who gets it

  • Traditional government

    • tradition and custom govern economic decisions, usually centered around one group/family

    • Ex: Monarchy

  • Command

    • government make all economic decisions, no competition

    • Ex: North Korea, USSR

  • Market

    • economic Deisons made by individuals competing to earn profits based on supply and demand

    • EX: USA

  • Mixed

    • Combines market and command, governments and individual share economic desion making

    • EX: Germany

Economic Goals

  • Freedom

    • individuals can make their own decisions

  • Efficiency

    • no waste, everyone gets what they want

  • Equity

    • equal distribution of wealth, not equality though

  • Security

    • providing necessity for poor

  • Stability

    • consistently available for public

Russian Revolution

Russia Pre WW1

  • Agricultural society with lots of peasants

    • could own land

    • relied on imports

    • very behind other world superpowers

  • Industries still new

  • Czar Nicholas II rule Russia with absolute power

    • Romanov dynasty

    • Refuse to change russian politics

    • Very bad Leader

Path to WW1

  • expansion, mainly eastern europe

  • Soviet unreast

    • major cities grew from indusrilization, but left citizens in poor condition

    • Lack of pay and food caused unarmed strickes

      • Blood Sunday 1905

        • killed protestors by Czar’s troops

    • Duma

      • tries to dissolve it multiple times

Begin WW1

  • Support serbia

  • allies side

  • Russian Faliure

March Revolution

  • protestors went to streets of petrograd against govt.

  • Duma creates provisional govt. czar abdicates throne

  • Kerensky in charge

    • Brings liberal rights

    • Keeps russia in ww1

      • Faliure and becomes unpopular

Bolshevik 1917

  • November revolution

    • Vladmir Lein and bolsheviks overthrow provisional govt (pg)

      • pg led by bourgeois capitalist class

  • Lenin wants peasants to lead, calls them soviets

    • takes over petrograd, becomes dictator of 1st communist nation    

    • Civil war

      • Red vs White (comm. vs non)

        • Red very disciplined due to trotsky

        • white disorganized no goals

      • Communism

        • Central govt. has banks & industry

        • secret police “Cheka”

    • Slogan “Peace, Land, Bread”

      • no ww1, people get to work and own things and counrty expands, food

Royal Family killed - July 1917

  • moved to 1 area of Russia

  • Taken to cellar shot and bodies buried in minshaft and left

1922

  • Lenin creates new economic policy

  • modifyed capitalism, heavy industry reamined under goverment control

1923

  • creation of USSR

1924

  • Lenin dies, Trotsky voted out

  • Stalin takes power

Stalins rule

  • 5 year plan and social, economic, and political revolution

  • transforms soviet union from agricultural to industrial

  • no more private property

  • Great purge

    • sent political opponent to labor camps, held “trials” and executed millions

cold war

Post ww2

  • western states think new eastern states should determine own govt.

    • stalin fears thiss’ll cause antisoviet feelings

    • fears will lose control of satillite nations

  • UN formed in 1945

  • US fears communism

    • Truman doctrin

      • US help any country threatened by comunism

    • Marshall plan

      • Recovery plan for europe

      • SU and eastern states they refused

  • both part of US policy of contaiment keep communism within iron curtain

1948

  • US, Britian, France unify zones in Germany

    • very industrilized an rebuilt to be strong and stable

    • Stalin opposes and blockades west berlin

  • Berlin Airlift

    • JUne 1948-may 1949

    • West Berlin has no help from others

    • bring supplies to berlin

1949

Tensions

  • soviet expansion

  • Mutlied assured destruction (cuba)

  • Arms race

  • Space race

  • Proxy wars

Updates start here

Conferences:

Yalta: Post war plan to divide germany and rebuild europe, get soviet union to join war against Japan, in return they get land

Postdam: Actual action of dividing germay, and post war trieals and reperations

Chinese revolution

  • civil war between communist and nationalists

  • Mao

    • father of communist china, leader of communists, basically stalin

  • great leap forward

    • idea that they could increase industrilization w/o capitalism, paid ussr w/ grain = poverty

  • Cultural revolution

    • attempt to fire up masses, empowered children to rebel, support mao, go back to old glory days

  • 4 olds

    • culture, habit, ideas, customs

  • Red gaurd

    • youth

Jump back to cold war

Hot spots

  • Berlin wall

    • seperation of east and west germany

  • overthrow guatemalan govt

    • US intervein put carlos castillo in charge then assinate him

  • overthrow chile govt

    • US opposed leader and killed him

  • Prauge spring

    • attempted liberation from SU, more citzen rights, soviet won

  • Hungarian revolution’

    • protest to move away from stalinist govt, created new democratic govt

  • Red terror in ethiopia

    • mengistu haile mairam killed all political opponents, got support from communist nations, eventually SU recinded support, so they fell

  • Mossadegh

    • prime min mossadge wanted to nationalize oil for Iran, US and britian didn’t like that so they overthrew him

  • Korean war

    • Comm vs not, ended up staying split

  • Chinease rev

    • See above

  • Tiananmen square

    • protestor died, so they came to mourn/protest, killed protestors

  • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

    • (soviet) marxist vs Islamists (US), soviet loss

  • Vietnam War

    • Trying to be communist US tried to stop, failed

Ending Stuff

End of Stalin

  • refused marshall plan = goes back to 1930s plan to rebuild

  • He dies, but w/o successor framwork, so collective govt.

  • Krushcev takeds power)

Desralinization

  • back to consumer goods and agriculture

  • more millitary spending

70s

  • Detent, more peacful

  • reagan comes and ruins that in the 80s

I’m supposed to list leaders now but just do the gimkit cause I’m not doing all that

Decolonizating

Decolonization

  • process of ending colonial rule and estabilishing new govt

neocolonalism

  • using political, social, or economic control to influence former dependnt nations

civil disobedience

  • nonviolent protest

Apartherd

  • seperate, usually when describing segregation from afrikaaners

Causes

  • colonialism

  • end of WW2

  • cold war

  • nationalism

  • need for self rule

Effects

  • politcal + economic instability

  • neocolonialm

  • 50+ countries get indepence

  • greater focus on human rights

People

  • Just do the gimkit bro 🙏

Cases (these are very oversimplifyed)

  • Kenya and Ghana

    • some non violent protdst, some terroism protests (Mao Mao)

  • Egypt

    • Gamal Abdel Nassar wanted to nationalize suez cannal

  • Congo

    • Unstable country, couldnt run w/o belgium

  • Israel/Palestine

    • Arab vs Jewish

    • Zionist movement

      • wanted jewsih homeland

    • created 2 countries