7.5-7.6 Test Review

7.5-7.6 Test Review

  • 12 multiple choice

  • 10 true or false

  • 3 Short Answer Questions (bullet points)

  • Section 1 of Essay: 

    • Choose Essay A or B 

  • Section 2 Essay:

    • Choose 2/4 to address and write 


7.5 WW1 Home Front

WW1 Basics:

  • War starts: 1914

  • U.S. joins: 1917


Sides: 

  • Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia

  • Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire


Causes of WWI (REASONS):

  • Nationalism = pride in country

  • Militarism = build up weapons/army

  • Alliances = countries help each other if attacked

  • Imperialism = competition for land/colonies



U.S. Neutrality:

  • U.S. stayed neutral at first

  • Still traded with Allied Powers (Britain & France)

  • The economy grew from selling goods to Europe


Economy:

  • 1914 = recession (bad economy)

  • WWI = economic boom (factories + jobs increased)


Key Events:

  • Submarine warfare = Germany attacks ships with U-boats

  • Lusitania (1915) = British ship sunk, Americans killed

  • Sussex Pledge (1916) = Germany promises not to sink passenger ships (later breaks promise)


Russia Leaves War:

  • Bolshevik Revolution (1917)

  • Communists take over Russia

  • Russia exits WWI


Why U.S. Enters WWI (1917):

  • German submarine attacks

  • Lusitania outrage

  • Economic ties with Allies

  • Unrestricted submarine warfare continues


Important People:

  • Woodrow Wilson = U.S. President during WWI

  • George Creel = propaganda leader

  • Garret Morgan = invented gas mask

Opposition to War:

  • Progressives

  • Socialists

  • Anti-imperialists

  • Women protesters



7.6 WW1 Home Front + Aftermath

Government Control of Economy:

  • Food Administration = controlled food supply

  • Railroad Administration = controlled railroads/transportation

  • National War Labor Board = settled labor disputes (wages + strikes)

Paying for War:

  • Liberty Bonds = people loaned money to government

  • Taxes increased to help pay for war

Military Draft:

  • Selective Service Act = required men to register for the draft


Propaganda:

  • Committee on Public Information (George Creel)

  • Used posters, speeches, and media to build support for WWI


Civil Liberties:

  • Espionage Act (1917) = punished anti-war actions

  • Sedition Act (1918) = made it illegal to criticize government/war

  • Schenck v. United States = Supreme Court said speech can be limited in wartime


Social Changes:

  • Women worked in factories, offices, and nursing

  • African Americans moved North (Great Migration) for jobs

  • Mexican immigrants came for labor shortages


Post-War Problems:

  • 1918 Flu Pandemic:

    • Global flu outbreak

    • Millions died worldwide

    • Hundreds of thousands died in U.S.


Economy:

  • Soldiers came home → unemployment

  • Inflation increased prices

  • 1921 recession = high unemployment


Red Scare:

  • Fear of communism after Russian Revolution

  • Immigrants and radicals targeted


Palmer Raids:

  • Mass arrests of suspected radicals

  • Many immigrants deported

  • Led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer


Labor Strikes (1919):

  • Workers demanded higher wages

  • Strikes in cities like Seattle and Boston

  • Government used troops to stop strikes


Racial Violence:

  • Great Migration increased competition for jobs

  • Race riots in many cities

  • Tulsa Race Massacre (1921) destroyed the Black community (“Black Wall Street”)

Big Idea:

  • After WWI, the U.S. faced economic problems, fear of communism, labor strikes, and racial violence instead of peace and stability.