Untitled Flashcard Set
🔹 Section 1: Core Concepts (FOUNDATION CARDS)
Flashcard 1
Q: What is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
A: A structured process used to design, develop, test, deliver, and maintain high-quality software through defined stages.
Flashcard 2
Q: Why is SDLC important?
A: It ensures systematic, efficient development and helps reduce risk, errors, and project failure.
Flashcard 3
Q: What is a software process?
A: The set of activities involved in developing and supporting software (requirements, design, coding, testing, release, maintenance).
Flashcard 4
Q: What do software process models define?
A:
Tasks to be performed
Inputs and outputs
Preconditions and postconditions
Order and flow of activities
🔹 Section 2: Code-and-Fix Model
Flashcard 5
Q: What is the Code-and-Fix model?
A: The simplest software process model focused primarily on coding with little to no planning.
Flashcard 6
Q: What are the main tasks in the Code-and-Fix model?
A: Problem statement → Code → Compile → Debug → Unit test → Release
Flashcard 7
Q: Key characteristics of the Code-and-Fix model?
A:
Coding-centered
Minimal formal requirements
Little structure or documentation
Flashcard 8
Q: When is Code-and-Fix appropriate?
A:
Small homework assignments
Quick scripts
Prototypes
One-time tools
Flashcard 9
Q: Why is Code-and-Fix problematic for large projects?
A:
Code becomes messy
Hard to maintain
Bugs increase
No clear structure
Flashcard 10 (SCENARIO)
Q: A student writes code, runs it, fixes errors, and repeats without planning. Which model is this?
A: Code-and-Fix
🔹 Section 3: Waterfall Model
Flashcard 11
Q: What is the Waterfall model?
A: A linear, sequential software development model where each phase must be completed before moving to the next.
Flashcard 12
Q: Who popularized the Waterfall model and when?
A: Winston Royce, 1970
Flashcard 13
Q: What is the key feature of the Waterfall model?
A: Strict sequence — once you move forward, going back is difficult.
Flashcard 14
Q: Typical phases of the Waterfall model?
A: Requirements → Design → Implementation → Testing → Maintenance
Flashcard 15
Q: Advantages of the Waterfall model?
A:
Clear structure
Strong documentation
Easy progress tracking
Flashcard 16
Q: Disadvantages of the Waterfall model?
A:
Difficult to change requirements
Problems discovered late
Inflexible
Flashcard 17
Q: How was the Waterfall model modified to improve flexibility?
A:
Backward arrows for limited iteration
Increased user involvement (e.g., JAD)
Flashcard 18 (QUIZ-STYLE)
Q: What is a major disadvantage of the Waterfall process?
A: All of the following: sequential tasks, single iteration, little overlapping
🔹 Section 4: Incremental Model
Flashcard 19
Q: What is the Incremental model?
A: A modification of Waterfall that builds the system in smaller, manageable increments.
Flashcard 20
Q: How does each increment work?
A: Each increment goes through requirements → design → implementation → testing for part of the system.
Flashcard 21
Q: What happens after each increment is completed?
A: It is integrated into the existing system and tested.
Flashcard 22
Q: What is the Multiple-Release Incremental model?
A: A model where core functionality is delivered first, with features and fixes added in later releases.
Flashcard 23
Q: Advantages of the Incremental model?
A:
Early working software
Reduced risk
Easier to accommodate change
Visible progress
Flashcard 24
Q: Disadvantages of the Incremental model?
A:
Requires good upfront architecture
Integration complexity
Harder planning
Not ideal for tightly coupled components
Flashcard 25 (SCENARIO)
Q: A startup releases a basic product quickly and adds features over time using feedback. Which model fits best?
A: Incremental model
🔹 Section 5: Spiral Model (HIGH-IMPORTANCE)
Flashcard 26
Q: What is the Spiral model?
A: A risk-driven, iterative software process model focused on identifying and reducing risk.
Flashcard 27
Q: Who proposed the Spiral model and when?
A: Barry Boehm, 1988
Flashcard 28
Q: What is the key driver of the Spiral model?
A: Risk analysis (not time or features)
Flashcard 29
Q: What are the four quadrants of the Spiral model?
A:
Determine objectives, alternatives, constraints
Evaluate alternatives and resolve risks
Develop and test
Plan the next phase
Flashcard 30
Q: Why is the Spiral model good for high-risk systems?
A: Risks are identified and mitigated early and continuously.
Flashcard 31
Q: Challenges of the Spiral model?
A:
Requires strong risk assessment skills
Complex to manage
Resource-intensive
Flashcard 32 (SCENARIO)
Q: A medical device project has high safety risks and expensive failures. Which model fits best?
A: Spiral model
🔹 Section 6: Rational Unified Process (RUP)
Flashcard 33
Q: What is RUP?
A: An iterative, incremental, use-case-driven framework that emphasizes architecture and risk management.
Flashcard 34
Q: Key characteristics of RUP?
A:
Iterative & incremental
Use-case driven
Architecture-centric
Risk-focused
Flashcard 35
Q: What are the four RUP phases?
A: Inception, Elaboration, Construction, Transition
Flashcard 36
Q: Main goal of the Inception phase?
A: Decide if the system should be built.
Flashcard 37
Q: Main goal of the Elaboration phase?
A: Establish critical requirements and finalize architecture.
Flashcard 38
Q: Main goal of the Construction phase?
A: Build and test the system.
Flashcard 39
Q: Main goal of the Transition phase?
A: Prepare the system for users and final release.
Flashcard 40 (QUIZ-STYLE)
Q: In RUP, which phase establishes all major and critical requirements?
A: Elaboration