EVERYTHING_ AP World History_ Key Info, Review, & Skills -Johnstone

Overall Table of Contents

• Overall Writing Skills: (C)RAGE(S)
• Overall Writing Skills: LEQ + DBQ
• LEQ Skills
• DBQ Skills
• SAQ Skills
• MCQ Skills
• Study Skills
• Unit 1 Table of Contents
• Unit 2 Table of Contents
• Unit 3 Table of Contents
• Unit 4 Table of Contents
• Unit 5 Table of Contents
• Unit 6 Table of Contents
• Unit 7 Table of Contents
• Unit 8 Table of Contents
• Unit 9 Table of Contents
• Region-Based Review: AP World Regions Map
  • Asia: China, Japan, India, & Middle East
  • Latin America
  • Eurasia: Russia
  • Africa: North & West, Central , South & East
• The Time-Period Based KEY

The Periodization KEY

• Here’s how to read the KEY:
  • 1200-1450: yellow
    • For the sand of North African and Middle Eastern Islamic caliphates and the Silk Roads.
    • The gold of Mansa Musa.
    • The Golden Horde (as representative of the Mongols).
    • Mesoamerican sun gods.
    • One of many peaks for much of the world outside of Europe
  • 1450-1750: blue
    • For transoceanic interconnections, especially the European conquest of the Americas, the Colombian Exchange, the transatlantic slave trade, and so on
  • 1750-1900: orange
    • For the flames of revolution, both political (like the American, French, Haitian, and Latin American) and industrial
  • 1900-present: red
    • For the blood of 2 world wars and global communism (and related decolonization and globalization)
• Work to understand the KEY and practice writing it quickly so you can do so on the front of your test materials on the May 11th.
• Get stuck on a question? Use the key to guide you.
• This KEY proves it. It allows you to distill major events and processes of each time period into themes, illustrated by colors.
• Come across a topic you swear you’ve never heard of? Determine the time frame and see if it connects to the time period’s theme.
• Example: Question about an island you’ve never heard of in 1728? 1450-1750 is blue, so there’s a good chance it’s about European colonization. See if the question connects: Is it really about the spice trade? Plantations?

Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (1200-1450)

• Key Info, Review, & Skills

Unit 1 Table of Contents

• AP Topic 1.1 Key Info
• AP Topic 1.2 Key Info
• AP Topic 1.3 Key Info
• AP Topic 1.4 Key Info
• AP Topic 1.5 Key Info
• AP Topic 1.6 Key Info
• AP Topic 1.7 Key Info
• ChatGPT Story of Units 1-2 with Key Terms
• Unit 1 Overall Review

AP Topic 1.1 Key Info

• Developments in East Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450

AP Topic 1.2 Key Info

• Developments in Dar al-Islam from c. 1200 to c. 1450
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: THE MAMLUK SULTANATE

AP Topic 1.3 Key Info

• Developments in South and Southeast Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE: SRIVIJAYA EMPIRE

AP Topic 1.4 Key Info

• State Building in the Americas
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: THE INCAN EMPIRE

AP Topic 1.5 Key Info

• State Building in Africa

AP Topic 1.6 Key Info

• Developments in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450

AP Topic 1.7 Key Info

• Comparison in the Period from c. 1200 to c. 1450

ChatGPT Story of Units 1-2 with Key Terms

• From 1200 to 1450 CE, the world was a tapestry of different cultures and civilizations, woven together through trade and commerce.
• In Africa, the Great Zimbabwe was a city of stone that rose to prominence as a center of the Indian Ocean Trade.
  • The trade routes were driven by the monsoon winds, which allowed merchants to navigate the vast ocean using lateen sails.
• Silk Roads trade, meanwhile, brought wealth and prosperity to cities like Samarkand, which became a hub for the exchange of goods and ideas.
• Mansa Musa became the richest man in the world, ruling the vast Mali Empire and spreading his wealth through his famous pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Marco Polo was one of the many merchants who traveled (and documented) the trade routes, visiting the court of Kublai Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan and emperor of China’s Yuan Dynasty.
• The Ming Dynasty overtook the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and featured admiral Zheng He, who led expeditions across the seas and established trade relationships with other nations.
• In Europe, the Middle Ages were characterized by feudalism, with serfs working the land for their lords.
• In the Middle East, meanwhile, the House of Wisdom in Baghdad was a beacon of learning and knowledge, attracting scholars from across the globe.
• In Egypt, the Mamluks rose to power, defeating the Mongols and their leader, Genghis Khan, and preserving the Islamic world from their invaders.
• The Crusades swept through Europe and the Middle East, as Christians sought to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims.
• Like Polo, Ibn Battuta was a traveler who documented his journeys throughout the Islamic world, visiting the Delhi Sultanate, which defended against Mongol invasion.
• In the Americas, the Mexica (Aztecs) developed a unique agriculture system known as the chinampas, which allowed them to cultivate crops on floating islands in the lakes.
• The Inca Empire built the city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains, using their advanced architectural skills to create a city that was both beautiful and functional.
• By the end of the period in 1450, the world was a vibrant and interconnected place, with different cultures, beliefs, and customs influencing and shaping one another.

Unit 1 Overall Review

• Freeman-Pedia Unit 1: Global Tapestry
• Freeman-Pedia Unit 1 Playlist

Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (1200-1450)

• Key Info, Review, & Skills

Unit 2 Table of Contents

• AP Topic 2.1 Key Info
• AP Topic 2.2 Key Info
• AP Topic 2.3 Key Info
• AP Topic 2.4 Key Info
• AP Topic 2.5 Key Info
• AP Topic 2.6 Key Info
• AP Topic 2.7 Key Info
• ChatGPT Story of Units 1-2 with Key Terms
• Unit 2 Overall Review

AP Topic 2.1 Key Info

• The Silk Roads
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: PAPERMAKING (and $$$)

AP Topic 2.2 Key Info

• The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World

AP Topic 2.3 Key Info

• Exchange in the Indian Ocean

AP Topic 2.4 Key Info

• Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

AP Topic 2.5 Key Info

• Cultural Consequences of Connectivity

AP Topic 2.6 Key Info

• Environmental Consequences of Connectivity
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: CHAMPA RICE

AP Topic 2.7 Key Info

• Comparison of Economic Exchange

Unit 2 Overall Review

• Freeman-Pedia Unit 2: Networks of Exchange
• Freeman-Pedia Unit 2 Playlist

Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750)

• Key Info, Review, & Skills

Unit 3 Table of Contents

• AP Topic 3.1 Key Info
• AP Topic 3.2 Key Info
• AP Topic 3.3 Key Info
• AP Topic 3.4 Key Info
• ChatGPT Story of Unit 3 with Key Terms
• Unit 3 Overall Review

AP Topic 3.1 Key Info

• Empires Expand
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: MOROCCAN-SONG HAI CONFLICT

AP Topic 3.2 Key Info

• Empires: Administration
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE: OTTOMAN TAX FARMING

AP Topic 3.3 Key Info

• Empires: Belief Systems

AP Topic 3.4 Key Info

• Comparison in Land-Based Empires

ChatGPT Story of Unit 3 with Key Terms

• Once upon a time, the world was changing rapidly.
• The Renaissance swept through Europe, bringing with it a new era of artistic and intellectual achievement.
  • Leonardo da Vinci, one of its brightest stars, painted masterpieces and dabbled in science and engineering.
  • Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, making it easier for people to share ideas and knowledge (though China invented it first).
  • Martin Luther used this tool to spread his 95 Theses, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church and starting the Reformation.
• In England, a power struggle emerged between King Henry VIII, who wanted to divorce his wife (later, wives), and the Pope.
• Meanwhile, in Asia, the Muslim Gunpowder Empires were rising.
  • The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals built powerful armies.
  • The Ottoman Empire, led at its height by Suleiman I, became a dominant force in the region, using the devshirme system, in which Christian boys were enslaved, to bulk up the janissary corps.
  • In India, emperors Babur, Akbar, and Aurangzeb each left their mark on history.
    • Babur founded the Mughal Empire.
    • Akbar brought unity and religious tolerance.
    • Aurangzeb imposed strict Islamic rule.
  • In China, the Qing Dynasty rose to power under Emperor Qianlong. He expanded the empire's borders and fostered a rich cultural legacy.
  • In Russia, after tsars Ivan the Great and Ivan the Terrible defeated the Mongols and united and expanded the empire, Peter the Great and Catherine the Great westernized Russia, fashioning it after France and other Western European countries, Peter even outlawing beards and wearing a mustache and building a palace just like King Louis XIV.
  • In West Africa, the Songhai Empire flourished, becoming a center of trade and learning. Its leaders, like Sonni Ali, left a lasting impact on the region's history.

Unit 3 Overall Review

• Freeman-Pedia Unit 3: Land-Based Empires
• Freeman-Pedia Unit 3 Playlist

Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections (1450-1750)

• Key Info, Review, & Skills

Unit 4 Table of Contents

• AP Topic 4.1 Key Info
• AP Topic 4.2 Key Info
• AP Topic 4.3 Key Info
• AP Topic 4.4 Key Info
• AP Topic 4.5 Key Info
• AP Topic 4.6 Key Info
• AP Topic 4.7 Key Info
• AP Topic 4.8 Key Info
• ChatGPT Story of Unit 4 with Key Terms
• Unit 4 Overall Review

AP Topic 4.1 Key Info

• Technological Innovations from 1450 to 1750
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: DUTCH FLUYT

AP Topic 4.2 Key Info

• Exploration: Causes and Events from 1450 to 1750

AP Topic 4.3 Key Info

• Columbian Exchange

AP Topic 4.4 Key Info

• Maritime Empires Established

AP Topic 4.5 Key Info

• Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed

AP Topic 4.6 Key Info

• Internal and External Challenges to State Power from 1450 to 1750
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: THE MARATHA-MUGHAL CONFLICT + ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: COSSACKS

AP Topic 4.7 Key Info

• Changing Social Hierarchies from 1450 to 1750

AP Topic 4.8 Key Info

• Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750

ChatGPT Story of Unit 4 with Key Terms

• Once upon a time, in a world full of kingdoms and empires, Columbus set sail on his journey to “discover” new lands.
  • He stumbled upon the Americas and sparked the Columbian Exchange, which brought new crops, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia.
  • Meanwhile, in the Aztec Empire, Moctezuma ruled a vast and complex Nahua-speaking people.
  • That was until Hernán Cortés arrived with his army and conquered the Mexica, forever changing the fate of the Americas.
  • Further south, in the Inca Empire, the mit’a system was in place, forcing the people to work on large projects such as roads that cut through the Andes Mountains.
  • However, this didn’t stop the Spanish from seizing control of the empire and establishing the encomienda, a system of forced labor for the indigenous people.
  • In Europe, the idea of mercantilism was taking hold, with joint stock companies, such as the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, becoming major players in the global economy.
  • In India, the religion of Sikhism was taking shape, blending elements of Hinduism and Islam. This syncretism was seen throughout the world as cultures mixed and merged, creating new traditions and beliefs.
  • The silver and sugar trades were thriving, with merchants making vast fortunes from the production and sale of these commodities. However, this wealth was built on the backs of the millions of people who were taken from Africa and forced into the Transatlantic Slave Trade, enduring the brutal conditions of the Middle Passage.
  • In Africa, the mighty King Alfonso I was known for his cunning diplomacy and military prowess. He even managed to convert to Catholicism and maintain good relations with the Portuguese, all while resisting their attempts at colonization.
  • Meanwhile, in the Kingdom of Ndongo, the fearless Ana Nzinga was leading her people against the Portuguese colonizers, becoming a symbol of resistance and determination.

Unit 4 Overall Review

• Freeman-Pedia Unit 4: Transoceanic Interactions
• Freeman-Pedia Unit 4 Playlist

Unit 5: Revolutions (1750-1900)

• Key Info, Review, & Skills

Unit 5 Table of Contents

• AP Topic 5.1 Key Info
• AP Topic 5.2 Key Info
• AP Topic 5.3 Key Info
• AP Topic 5.4 Key Info
• AP Topic 5.5 Key Info
• AP Topic 5.6 Key Info
• AP Topic 5.7 Key Info
• AP Topic 5.8 Key Info
• AP Topic 5.9 Key Info
• ChatGPT Story of Unit 5 with Key Terms
• Unit 5 Overall Review

AP Topic 5.1 Key Info

• The Enlightenment
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN AND THE FEMALE CITIZEN

AP Topic 5.2 Key Info

• Nationalism and Revolutions in the Period from 1750 to 1900
• Freeman-Pedia: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

AP Topic 5.3 Key Info

• Industrial Revolution Begins

AP Topic 5.4 Key Info

• Industrialization Spreads in the Period from 1750 to 1900

AP Topic 5.5 Key Info

• Technology of the Industrial Age

AP Topic 5.6 Key Info

• Industrialization: Government’s Role from 1750 to 1900

AP Topic 5.7 Key Info

• Economic Developments and Innovations in the Industrial Age

AP Topic 5.8 Key Info

• Reactions to the Industrial Economy from 1750 to 1900

AP Topic 5.9 Key Info

• Society and the Industrial Age

ChatGPT Story of Unit 5 with Key Terms

• Once upon a time, in a world filled with kingdoms and empires, the ideas of the Enlightenment swept across - and beyond - Europe.
  • Philosopher John Locke espoused the belief that all individuals had natural rights and that governments were created to protect those rights. This idea was a spark that ignited the American Revolution, when the 13 Colonies declared their independence and adopted a new form of government based on Enlightenment principles.
  • Soon after, the French Revolution erupted as people of France rose up against their oppressive monarchy and established a new government based on the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity. The Declaration of the Rights of Man asserted the rights of all citizens, regardless of their social class.
  • However, these revolutionary ideals were not universally embraced. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power, declaring himself Emperor of France and spreading his ideas of authoritarian rule across Europe.
  • The spirit of revolution lived on among French captives in Saint-Domingue as Haitian Revolution broke out. Toussaint L’Ouverture led the enslaved people of Haiti to victory, establishing the first Black republic in the world. This revolutionary spirit spread like wildfire throughout Latin America.
  • Simón Bolívar led the charge, freeing several South American countries from Spanish rule, and Túpac Amaru II led a rebellion against the Spanish in Peru. Miguel Hidalgo sparked a revolution in Mexico, which won independence 300 years after Hernán Cortés had claimed the Aztec Empire for Spain.
  • In Africa, the great leader Samory Toure fought against colonialism and the enslavement of his people. However, his efforts were ultimately thwarted by the French. At the same time, the Mahdists rose to power in the Sudan, establishing a theocratic state and spreading their interpretation of Islam. Despite their efforts to spread their ideology, the world was changing, and the winds of revolution and the ideals of the Enlightenment could not be contained.

Unit 5 Overall Review

• Freeman-Pedia Unit 5: Revolutions
• Freeman-Pedia Unit 5 Playlist

Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (1750-1900)

• Key Info, Review, & Skills

Unit 6 Table of Contents

• AP Topic 6.1 Key Info
• AP Topic 6.2 Key Info
• AP Topic 6.3 Key Info
• AP Topic 6.4 Key Info
• AP Topic 6.5 Key Info
• AP Topic 6.6 Key Info
• AP Topic 6.7 Key Info
• AP Topic 6.8 Key Info
• ChatGPT Story of Unit 6 with Key Terms
• Unit 6 Overall Review

AP Topic 6.1 Key Info

• Rationales for Imperialism from 1750 to 1900

AP Topic 6.2 Key Info

• State Expansion from 1750 to 1900

AP Topic 6.3 Key Info

• Indigenous Responses to State Expansion from 1750 to 1900

AP Topic 6.4 Key Info

• Global Economic Development from 1750 to 1900

AP Topic 6.5 Key Info

• Economic Imperialism from 1750 to 1900

AP Topic 6.6 Key Info

• Causes of Migration in an Interconnected World

AP Topic 6.7 Key Info

• Effects of Migration

AP Topic 6.8 Key Info

• Causation in the Imperial Age (No Heimler video as this is more a review)

ChatGPT Story of Unit 6 with Key Terms

• Once upon a time, in a world filled with great change and upheaval, a new era was dawning: the Industrial Revolution, a time of rapid industrialization and urbanization as people flocked to the cities in search of work and a better life.
  • Inventions like Eli Whitney’s cotton gin, which accelerated the usage of cotton as a cash crop (and the use of enslaved labor), and James Watt’s steam engine, superpowered industrial transformation. The steamship, locomotive, and, later, internal combustion engine all revolutionized transportation.
  • But with this new era of growth and prosperity came great challenges. Labor unions rose up to protect the rights of workers, and debates raged over the merits of capitalism vs. socialism. The ideas of Karl Marx and communism spread, as people searched for a fairer way to organize society.
  • Meanwhile, social Darwinism and scientific racism were used to justify the exploitation of people deemed "inferior."
  • These debates and struggles played out on a global stage, as the British-driven Opium Wars rocked China and the Taiping and White Lotus Rebellions threatened the stability of the Middle Kingdom. Meanwhile, the Meiji Restoration in Japan saw the country modernize and become a major player on the world stage.
  • As these changes and struggles continued, a young man named Muhammad Ali rose to power in Egypt, modernizing the country and building the Suez Canal, connecting the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and out to the Indian Ocean, making eastern colonies more accessible to European empires.
  • And finally, in 1898, the Spanish-American War erupted, with the US becoming a global empire as it, arguably, followed Britain’s lead in taking up the "White Man's Burden" to “civilize” and rule over the presumed "inferior" peoples of the world.

Unit 6 Overall Review

• Freeman-Pedia Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization
• Freeman-Pedia Unit 6 Playlist

Unit 7: Global Conflict (1900-Present)

• Key Info, Review, & Skills

Unit 7 Table of Contents

• AP Topic 7.1 Key Info
• AP Topic 7.2 Key Info
• AP Topic 7.3 Key Info
• AP Topic 7.4 Key Info
• AP Topic 7.5 Key Info
• AP Topic 7.6 Key Info
• AP Topic 7.7 Key Info
• AP Topic 7.8 Key Info
• AP Topic 7.9 Key Info
• MANIA & GFLAT: Causes of WWI & WWII
• ChatGPT Story of Unit 7 with Key Terms
• Unit 7 Overall Review

AP Topic 7.1 Key Info

• Shifting Power After 1900

AP Topic 7.2 Key Info

• Causes of World War I

AP Topic 7.3 Key Info

• Conducting World War I

AP Topic 7.4 Key Info

• Economy in the Interwar Period

AP Topic 7.5 Key Info

• Unresolved Tensions After World War I

AP Topic 7.6 Key Info

• Causes of World War II

AP Topic 7.7 Key Info

• Conducting World War II

AP Topic 7.8 Key Info

• Mass Atrocities After 1900

AP Topic 7.9 Key Info

• Causation in Global Conflict (No Heimler video as this is more a review)

MANIA & GFLAT: Causes of WWI & WWII

• Causes of World War I:
  • Militarism
  • Alliances
  • Nationalism
  • Imperialism
  • Assassination
• Causes of World War II:
  • Great Depression
  • Fascism
  • League of Nations
  • Appeasement
  • Treaty of Versailles

ChatGPT Story of Unit 7 with Key Terms

• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand set off a chain of events that led to the outbreak of World War I.
  • The Central Powers, led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, were pitted against the Allied Powers, which included Great Britain, France, and Russia.
  • The war dragged on for years, with millions of lives lost on both sides.
  • In 1917, the Russian Revolution erupted, with the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, taking power and establishing the world's first communist state. The Soviet Union, later led by Joseph Stalin, embraced the principles of communism and launched a series of Five-Year Plans to industrialize the country. But the Great Depression of the 1930s hit the world hard, and, in Europe, the rise of fascism led by Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf Hitler's Nazi party, which replaced the Weimar Republic, in Germany threatened to destabilize the continent.
  • Hitler promised to restore Germany's former glory and pursued aggressive foreign policies, leading to appeasement by other world leaders who hoped to avoid another war. But war, it seems, was inevitable, and in 1939, the Nazi-Soviet Pact was signed, paving the way for Hitler's blitzkrieg invasion of Poland and the outbreak of World War II. The Holocaust, in which millions of Jews and other groups were systematically murdered, horrified the world.
  • Meanwhile, the United States, led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, entered the war after the surprise attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor.
  • In 1944, the Allies launched the D-Day invasion of Normandy, which eventually led to the defeat of Germany and the end of the war in Europe. US scientists, meanwhile had been working on the Manhattan Project. They developed the atomic bomb, which was used to devastating effect on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japanese surrender after those attacks ended the war in the Pacific theater and, thus, World War II.

Unit 7 Overall Review

• Freeman-Pedia Unit 7: Global Conflict
• Freeman-Pedia Unit 7 Playlist

Unit 8: Cold War & Decolonization (1900-Present)

• Key Info, Review, & Skills

Unit 8 Table of Contents

• AP Topic 8.1 Key Info
• AP Topic 8.2 Key Info
• AP Topic 8.3 Key Info
• AP Topic 8.4 Key Info
• AP Topic 8.5 Key Info
• AP Topic 8.6 Key Info
• AP Topic 8.7 Key Info
• AP Topic 8.8 Key Info
• AP Topic 8.9 Key Info
• ChatGPT Story of Unit 8 with Key Terms
• Unit 8 Overall Review

AP Topic 8.1 Key Info

• Setting the Stage for the Cold War and Decolonization

AP Topic 8.2 Key Info

• The Cold War

AP Topic 8.3 Key Info

• Effects of the Cold War

AP Topic 8.4 Key Info

• Spread of Communism After 1900

AP Topic 8.5 Key Info

• Decolonization After 1900

AP Topic 8.6 Key Info

• Newly Independent States

AP Topic 8.7 Key Info

• Global Resistance to Established Power Structures After 1900

AP Topic 8.8 Key Info

• End of the Cold War

AP Topic 8.9 Key Info

• Causation in the Age of the Cold War and Decolonization (No Heimler video as this is more a review)

ChatGPT Story of Unit 8 with Key Terms

• World War II had a profound impact on the world, shaping international relations for decades to come.
  • After the war, the world was divided into two spheres of influence - the capitalist West and the communist East. This division would come to be known as the Cold War. As tensions between the two superpowers, the US and the USSR, grew, NATO and the Warsaw Pact were formed to counter each other's influence. In the 1960s, divided Germany’s Berlin Wall and the Berlin airlift became symbols of the division while the Cuban Missile Crisis brought the nuclear superpowers as close to the brink of destruction - a mutually-assured destruction (MAD) - as they’d come.
  • Meanwhile, decolonization swept through Africa and Asia, with India, the Gold Coast, and French West Africa gaining independence. However, the process was not without violence, particularly with Britain’s bungled partition of India, resulting in the relocation of Muslims to newly-drawn Pakistan. Armed struggle against colonial powers was waged in Algeria, Vietnam, and Angola while the Quebecois (in Canada) and Biafra (in Nigeria) separatist movements also sought to redraw boundaries.
  • Communist revolutions swept through China with Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward, while Ho Chi Minh sought to redistribute land in Vietnam. Mengistu Haile Mariam in Ethiopia and the Indian National Congress similarly sought to challenge the status quo. The Non-Aligned Movement emerged, with leaders such as Sukarno in Indonesia and Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana seeking to forge a third way between the capitalist West and the communist East.
  • Decolonization led to global migration: South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France, and Filipinos to the United States. While civil rights leaders like India’s Mohandas Gandhi, the US’s Martin Luther King, Jr., and South Africa’s Nelson Mandela challenged the oppressive systems of their respective countries, violent dictators and groups - like Chile’s Augusto Pinochet, Spain’s Francisco Franco, Uganda’s Idi Amin, Peru’s Shining Path, and Osama bin Laden’s Al-Qaeda - left their own marks on the century. All the while, the military-industrial complex and weapons trading fueled conflicts around the world.
  • The US and USSR did not militarily engage each other during the Cold War, though. Instead, the West, spooked by “domino theory,” fought communism in proxy wars, from the Korean War to the Vietnam War and the Angolan Civil War to the Sandinista-Contras conflict in Nicaragua.
  • The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan proved to be a turning point in the Cold War, with the Soviet Union ultimately collapsing in 1991, leaving the US as the world’s lone superpower, something leaders like Russia’s Vladimir Putin and China’s Xi Jinping have challenged. The world had been forever changed by the events of the past century, and the ramifications of those changes will be felt for generations to come.

Unit 8 Overall Review

• Freeman-Pedia Unit 8: Cold War & Decolonization
• Freeman-Pedia Unit 8 Playlist

Unit 9: Globalization (1900-Present)

• Key Info, Review, & Skills

Unit 9 Table of Contents

• AP Topic 9.1 Key Info
• AP Topic 9.2 Key Info
• AP Topic 9.3 Key Info
• AP Topic 9.4 Key Info
• AP Topic 9.5 Key Info
• AP Topic 9.6 Key Info
• AP Topic 9.7 Key Info
• AP Topic 9.8 Key Info
• AP Topic 9.9 Key Info
• ChatGPT Story of Unit 9 with Key Terms
• Unit 9 Overall Review

AP Topic 9.1 Key Info

• Advances in Technology and Exchange After 1900

AP Topic 9.2 Key Info

• Technological Advances and Limitations After 1900: Disease

AP Topic 9.3 Key Info

• Technological Advances: Debates About the Environment After 1900

AP Topic 9.4 Key Info

• Economics in the Global Age

AP Topic 9.5 Key Info

• Calls for Reform and Responses After 1900

AP Topic 9.6 Key Info

• Globalized Culture After 1900

AP Topic 9.7 Key Info

• Resistance to Globalization After 1900

AP Topic 9.8 Key Info

• Institutions Developing in a Globalized World

AP Topic 9.9 Key Info

• Continuity and Change in a Globalized World (No Heimler video as this is more a review)

ChatGPT Story of Unit 9 with Key Terms

• After 1900, the advent of new technology set the stage for a period of unprecedented progress. As the world marched towards modernity, new challenges and opportunities emerged, changing the course of history forever.
  • One of the most significant technological advances of the 20th century was the radio, which quickly became the go-to source of news and entertainment. People gathered around their radios, listening to broadcasts from all over the world. Transportation also played a key role in globalization, with air travel and shipping containers making it easier to transport goods and people across vast distances. The downside? Traveling by plane quickly became the new way to get motion sickness, and shipping containers led to the rise of the world's ugliest buildings. Energy technologies like petroleum and nuclear power also revolutionized the world, but there were some unintended consequences: nuclear power led to the creation of quirky superheroes like "Radioactive Woman.” Oh, and nuclear meltdowns like Three Mile Island and Chernobyl.
  • The Green Revolution was a period of significant agricultural advancement in the mid-20th century that