The Dawn of the Industrial Age

PART 1

pp. 446 - 467


  1. How did industrial societies differ from agricultural societies?

  2. What were two benefits the West received from industrialization?

  3. What were the most industrialized nations in c. 1914 according to the map on p. 447.

  4. What did Western companies use to spread their system of capitalization on a global basis?

  5. What did a rapid rise in population in W. Europe lead to economically?

  6. Identify 4 theories as to why Britain (and W. Europe) lead the world in Industrialization.

  7. How did industrialization in the west affect the economies in Asia and Latin America?

  8. How did industrialization connect with the end of slavery and what replaced it?

  9. What are two examples of ways countries tried to counterbalance the rapid change caused by industrialization? (USA and Japan) Can you see similar reactions happening in society because of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (which is happening right now)? 

  10. Define the “age of revolution”.

    1. Use the table on p. 458 to answer the following questions:

    2. When did the first convict settlement occur in Australia?

    3. What year did James Watt invent the steam engine?

    4. What years did the French Revolution take place?

    5. What years did Napoleon reign?

    6. When did the Congress of Vienna occur?

    7. When did Industrialization occur in the USA?

    8. When did the Union Act recognize Canada?

    9. When did Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto published

    10. When was Italy unified?

    11. What were the dates for the American Civil War?

    12. When did the Institution of the Third Republic occur in France?

    13. When was the Canadian Pacific Railway completed?

    14. When did women get the right to vote in New Zealand?

    15. When did WWI begin?

  11. Collectively, what were Enlightenment thinkers fighting for?

  12. What was the population revolution?

  13. Define proto-industrialization.

  14. How were taxes connected to the American Revolution?

  15. What factors led to the French Revolution with regards to these groups: Enlightenment thinkers, middle-class business people, peasants, upper classes, and the government

  16. What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?

  17. What is a guillotine and how was it used by the radicals in France?

  18. Who was Robespierre and why was he executed?

  19. What were a few changes brought about in France by Robispierre and his allies?

  20. What is nationalism?

  21. Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?

  22. How did Napoleon change France politically once he came to power?

  23. What changes were brought about in Europe because of Napoleon’s campaigns?

  24. What was the Congress of Vienna?

    • The Congress of Vienna was a meeting in the aftermath of the Napoleonic wars to restore political stability in Europe and settle diplomatic disputes.

  25. How did the conservatives in Europe differ from the radicals in France?

    • Conservatives were the opposite of the radicals in France, they opposed revolutionary goals and advocated defense of the monarchy and church.

  26. Define liberals and radicals.

    • Liberals: Stressed limited state interference in individual life and representation of propertied people in government; urged importance of constitutional rule and parliaments.

    • Radicals: Advocated broader voting rights than liberals; in some cases advocated outright democracy, urged reforms in favor of the lower class

  27. What was the Reform Bill of 1832?

    • The reform bill of 1832 gave the right to vote to most members of the middle class; failed to produce democracy in Britain.\

  28. Identify two ways the steam engine and steam power changed industries in Britain.

    • The steam engine and steam power changed industries in Britain by creating huge manufacturing output in industries like cotton textiles, and caused manufacturing to be focused on factories.

  29. What was the effect of industrialization on exports in Britain?

    • Britain became exporting most of the stuff they made, as production out grew domestic demand.

  30. Identify two negative aspects of industrialization in Britain.

    • Child labor was very common in factories.

    • Massive environmental impact as smoke and industrial chemicals contaminated the air and ground respectively.

  31. What did followers of the Chartist movement hope to achieve?

  • The followers of the Chartist movement wanted reforms that would regulate new technologies and promote popular education. It failed

  1. Using the text in Figure 17.2, identify the difference between the reformers’ views of constitutional monarchy with the king’s views.

  • The reformers believed the monarchy ruled by the consent of the governed. The King however believed in the divine right to rule.

Part 2

Pp. 467-474

  1. Identify three innovations that came about during the “second industrial revolution.” 

  • Bessemer Process, which automatically mixed alloys with molten iron

  • Electrical and Internal Combustion Engines

  • Automatic Power Drilling Equipment

  1. Define the demographic transition that occurred during the second industrial revolution. 

  • The Demographic transition that occurred during the Second Industrial Revolution was a dramatic new population pattern involving low birth and infant death rates, slower population growth, new age structure and life expectancy. First emerged in the west by the late nineteenth century, later spread globally

  1. Who is Louis Pasteur?

  • French Scientis who discovered relationship between germs and disease in nineteenth century, leading to better sanitation.

  1. What movement helped improve the lives of blue collar workers? 

  • The new trade union movement helped improve the lives of blue collar workers by bargaining for better pay, working conditions, and shorter hours.

  1. What were some of the political trends that emerged during the mid 1800s in Western Europe?

  • Some of the political trends that emerged in the mid 1800s in western Europe includes liberals being much more willing to compromise as revolution was too risky, conservatives being willing to allow reforms as long as the aristocracy and monarchy kept some power, and the use of nationalism by people to gain power in government.

  1. Describe how nationalism was used in Prussia to bring about the unification of Germany.

  • Prussia used nationalism to unite Germany by using the Danish incorporation of two German states to invade them, then went to war with Austria to make them the superior German state, and then baited France into declaring war on them, which all caused a lot of nationalism in Germany.

  1. What was trasformismo in Italy and what was it’s aim?

  • The trasformismo was a political system in late nineteenth century Italy that promoted alliance of conservatives and liberals; parliamentary deputies of all parties supported the status quo

  1. How did the changes to the education system change societies in Western Europe and N. America?

  • Changes in the education system changed societies in the West as it provided essential working skills for men working and for women it made them stay home more.

  1. Define socialism.

  • Political movement with origins in western Europe during the nineteenth century; urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production, end to capitalist exploitation of the working man.

  1. Explain Karl Marx’s struggle between classes.

  • Karl Marx’s struggle between classes was the group out of power with the group controlling the means of production.

  1. What was revisionism

  • Revisionism are socialist movements that at least tacitly disavowed Marxist revolutionary doctrine; believed social reforms could be achieved gradually through political institutions.

  1. What were feminist movements fighting for?

  • Feminist movements were fighting for equal access to professions, higher education, the right to vote.