U2-_Intro_and_L1_States_of_Matter_New

Unit 2: Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Learning Goals

  • Review states of matter, compounds, mixtures, and separation techniques.

  • Understand atomic structure; ability to draw structures of different elements using the periodic table.

  • Identify and understand information stored in the periodic table, including different groups of elements.

  • Learn the origin of the periodic table.

  • Apply knowledge of atomic structure and the periodic table to identify isotopes and ion formation by various elements.

  • Understand the difference between covalent and ionic bonds.

  • Determine types of bonds and/or lattices created between various elements using atomic structure knowledge.

Assessment

  • Criterion D – Presentation

  • Criterion A - Knowing and Understanding in Assessment Week.

Starter Review Questions

  1. All materials are made from what? [1]

  2. Properties of matter depend on what three factors? [3]

  3. Is gold a mixture or pure substance? Explain using some properties of gold in your answer. [2]

States of Matter

Keywords:

  • Solid, liquid, gas, states, matter

Properties of Matter

  • All materials are made from atoms.

  • Properties depend on:

    • Atomic structure

    • Particle arrangement

    • Temperature and energy states.

Gold as a Substance

  • Gold is a pure substance with identical particles.

  • Properties:

    • Dense: Gold particles are heavy.

Did You Know? Plasma

  • Plasma is known as the fourth state of matter.

  • Created by adding energy to a gas, resulting in electron dislodgment.

Learning Outcomes

  • Recall three states of matter.

  • Use particle theory to explain the properties of states.

  • Understand the states of matter.

Kinetic Theory of Matter

  • Solid State: Particles are closely packed, vibrating in fixed positions; maintain a fixed shape.

  • Liquid State: Particles in contact, move randomly with no fixed shape; density is higher than gas.

  • Gas State: Particles far apart, moving at higher speeds; density is much lower than liquids or solids.

Tasks and Question Uptake

  • Watch Video and Answer Questions:

    1. Describe what happens to particles of a material when it is heated.

    2. Identify state changes for: a) Freezing b) Melting c) Evaporating d) Condensing.

    3. Differentiate boiling and evaporation.

    4. Name when a solid goes to gas phase directly (Sublimation).

    5. Name when a gas turns to a solid (Deposition).

Conservation of Mass

  • During state changes, the number of particles remains unchanged.

  • Mass before and after the change of state remains constant.

Changes of State

  • Changes named:

    1. Freezing: Liquid to solid.

    2. Melting: Solid to liquid.

    3. Vaporization/Boiling: Liquid to gas.

    4. Condensation: Gas to liquid.

    5. Sublimation: Solid to gas.

Quick Check Questions

  1. Name state changes for: a) Drying clothes. b) Hailstone formation. c) Snowflakes melting.

  2. Scientific terms for: a) Bus window misting. b) Boiling kettle steam. c) Ice melting in drink. d) Puddle evaporating.

  3. Describe particle movements during: a) Ice melting. b) Gas condensing on a cold surface.

Self-assessment

  • Encourage students to evaluate their understanding of the topics covered.