Atoms for Appalachia: The Role of Nuclear Energy in Economic Development

Introduction to Atoms for Appalachia and Nuclear Energy's Role in Economic Development

  • The Atlantic Council's Global Energy Center develops pragmatic and nonpartisan policy solutions.

  • These solutions aim to:

    • Advance global energy security.

    • Enhance economic opportunities.

    • Accelerate pathways to net-zero emissions.

  • The report is based on a workshop series under the Chatham House rule, allowing free discussion while maintaining confidentiality.

  • Key support from the Breakthrough Energy Foundation.

Workshop Overview

  • In 2024, the Atoms for Appalachia (A4A) workshops were held across select Appalachian states:

    • North Carolina

    • Pennsylvania

    • Tennessee

    • West Virginia

  • The purpose was to identify opportunities and address challenges in deploying advanced nuclear energy.

  • Discussions focused on:

    • Advanced nuclear technologies as drivers for clean manufacturing.

    • Economic opportunities at local and regional levels.

  • The connection between economic well-being, US communities' vibrancy, and national security was emphasized.

  • A steady fleet of nuclear reactors is essential for US global leadership in nuclear energy and innovation.

  • Advanced reactor scaling to 300 GW by 2050 predicted by the Department of Energy (DOE).

Key Data and Predictions

  • DOE estimates a need for 375,000 additional workers to construct and operate 200 GW of advanced nuclear by 2050.

    • Reference: Julie Kozeracki et al., Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Advanced Nuclear (March 2023).

Current Status of Nuclear Energy in Appalachian States

  • North Carolina:

    • Operates five reactors contributing over 30% of net electricity generation.

    • Aims for 100% carbon-neutral electricity by 2050.

  • Pennsylvania:

    • Nine reactors producing 30% of electricity.

    • Discussed robust nuclear industry and small modular reactor (SMR) development.

  • Tennessee:

    • Four reactors operational generating 45% of state electricity.

    • Governor established Nuclear Energy Advisory Council to analyze expansion barriers.

  • West Virginia:

    • Recently lifted a ban on nuclear energy (February 2022) and is exploring reactor deployment.

Opportunities for Interstate Collaboration

  • Discussions revealed varying levels of readiness among states for nuclear energy technologies.

  • States with operational experience can support those new to nuclear technologies.

  • Local innovations fostered like Amsted Graphite Materials providing supplies for advanced reactors.

The Local Economic Impact of Nuclear Energy

  • Nuclear industry contributes significantly to local economies.

  • Estimated annual economic impact of the nuclear industry in southeast US, over $40 billion.

  • Advanced nuclear energy could further drive job creation and economic development.

  • Partnerships, like Talen Energy's data center adjacent to a nuclear plant, showcase innovative business models.

Barriers to Deployment and Community Engagement

  • Key barriers to development include:

    • Permitting and zoning issues.

    • Infrastructure challenges (water, sewer, roads).

  • The legacy of coal power in Appalachia prompts discussions on transitioning to nuclear.

  • Human capital's importance highlighted; recruitment should focus on diverse talents beyond engineering degrees.

  • Engagement with communities critical, as trust and expectations factor significantly into potential project success.

Workforce Development

  • Emphasis on the need for recruitment strategies targeting diverse skill sets.

  • Programs emphasizing apprenticeships, community colleges, and trade schools to build the workforce.

  • Recognition of challenges, such as substance use impacts on workforce availability in regions.

Future Outlook and Recommendations

  • States encouraged to explore governance structures, harness local capabilities, and coordinate on nuclear strategies.

  • Collaborative consortia could strengthen ties between regional stakeholders and enhance deployment strategies.

  • The potential exists for educational institutions to promote nuclear literacy and awareness among young people.

Conclusion

  • Realizing the promises of advanced nuclear energy will require coordinated efforts across states and communities.

  • A focus on innovative engagement and strategic partnerships can empower states to reimagine their energy futures and enhance local economies.

About the Author

  • Lauren Hughes: Deputy Director of Nuclear Energy Policy Initiative at the Atlantic Council's Global Energy Center.

  • Managing the Atoms for Appalachia project and focused on nuclear energy and nonproliferation policies.