Key Concepts from President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal Policies and their Impact

Regions affected: Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma
Trend: Significant population decline as people migrated towards California via Route 66, known as the National Highway.

Also known as the Indian New Deal.
Objective: Restore Native American self-governance, enabling the practice of their native customs and languages, reversing the previous impacts of the Dawes Act aimed at Americanization.
Result: Positive shift for Native American communities, although not all tribes supported the act; concerns existed that some tribes might become "museum pieces" instead of modern communities.
Approx. 200 tribes organized under this law.

Function: Regulates the stock market to protect investors and maintain fair markets.
Key focuses: Insider trading regulations and preventing excessive debt through practices such as buying on margin.
Established reforms to help prevent another stock market crash.
Awareness of global stock market interconnections; declines or crises in one nation's market reflect across the globe.

Purpose: Flood control, electricity generation, and job creation in the Tennessee River Valley.
Criticism: Seen by some as a government intrusion into the electricity sector, which some believe should be handled by private corporations.
Impact: Provided cheap electricity to rural communities and improved living standards.

Function: Encourages home ownership by providing loans at lower interest rates to help individuals improve or purchase homes.
Continues to aid first-time homebuyers today.

Often referred to as SSI (Social Security Insurance).
Goals: Provide unemployment insurance and pensions for the elderly.
Originally funded through a payroll tax on employers and employees.
Initially limited benefits but has since expanded significantly; criticism regarding government management and fund security.

Purpose: Protect the rights of workers to organize unions and engage in collective bargaining.
Established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB); this body remains significant in resolving disputes between labor and management.
Underscores the importance of negotiated agreements over strikes, which can be detrimental to the economy.

Created minimum wage laws and established maximum hours for work.
Initial wage was set at 40 cents an hour; regulations on child labor established, particularly in non-agricultural sectors.

Roosevelt's re-election against Alfred M. Landon, a moderate Republican with a more conservative approach to the New Deal.
Election results highlighted a significant support for Roosevelt, who won 46 out of 48 states, reinforcing public approval of his New Deal policies.

Plans to address judicial challenges facing New Deal reforms: Proposed court packing by adding more justices to the Supreme Court due to frustrations over rulings against his policies.
Changing dynamics of the Democratic Party, especially regarding the Black vote shifting predominantly to Roosevelt's party, despite continuing issues of discrimination and segregation.