L2_Techniques-in-selecting-and-organizing-information

Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information

Lesson 2

Reading and Writing Skills

Objectives

  • Define brainstorming

  • Enumerate different techniques of brainstorming

  • Appreciate the importance of using different brainstorming techniques

  • Practice brainstorming techniques

Importance of Writing Techniques

  • Techniques are methods for organizing information to achieve a desired writing aim and enhance writing skill.

Brainstorming

  • An informal technique to generate topics or points related to a specific topic.

  • Can be conducted individually or in groups.

  • Aims to develop a solution to a problem by gathering and listing ideas from participants.

Methods in Brainstorming

  1. Idea List

    • Involves simply listing ideas about a topic.

    • Helps identify main ideas and supporting details.

    • Best for those who process information textually rather than visually.

  2. Idea Map

    • Also known as webbing or clustering.

    • A visual representation of ideas and their connections.

    • More structured, showing subordinate relationships between ideas.

Idea List Example

  • Topic: Unemployment

    • Jobs

    • Poverty

    • Salary

    • Lack of education

    • Lack of jobs

    • Low salary

    • Lack of money

    • Fresh graduates

Idea Map Example

  • Central Idea: Unemployment

    • Causes: Lack of jobs, Lack of motivation

    • Effects: Layoff, Lack of money, Family problems, Emotional problems

  1. Cubing

    • Examines an idea from six distinct viewpoints:

      • Describe the topic

      • Compare and contrast it

      • Associate it with other concepts

      • Analyze its parts

      • Apply it in practical situations

      • Argue for or against it

  1. Free Writing

    • Write freely for a set time or word/page limit without editing.

    • Encourages uninhibited expression.

    • Turns off the internal editor to allow creativity.

  2. Researching

    • Involves checking library resources or websites for new ideas.

    • Helpful for those comfortable with textual information.

Assessment

  • Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper:

    1. What is brainstorming?

    2. What are the different techniques of brainstorming?

Graphic Organizers

  • A communication tool using visual symbols to express knowledge, ideas, and their relationships.

  • Facilitates learning and aids the explanation of ideas visually.

Types of Graphic Organizers

  1. Concept Maps

    • Illustrate relationships between concepts using connecting words.

  2. Webs

    • Show how different categories of information connect.

  3. Mind Maps

    • Include a central idea surrounded by connected branches of related topics.

  4. Flow Diagram/Sequence Chart

    • Display steps or events in a sequence to outline processes.

  5. Venn Diagram

    • Identify similarities and differences between two or more concepts.

  6. Organizational Chart

    • Show the structure of an organization.

  7. Pie Chart

    • Circular graph divided into slices illustrating numerical proportions.

  8. Graph

    • Collection of points satisfying a relation, commonly as line or bar graphs.

  9. Table

    • Systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns for reference.

Outlining

  • An outline is a general plan for your writing, classifying information by topic relationships.

  • Can be grouped according to content and should include parallel structure for headings and subheadings.

Types of Outlines

  1. Topic Outline

    • Uses parallel phrases for headings.

  2. Sentence Outline

    • Uses complete sentences for headings.

Formats of Outlining

  1. Number-Letter Format

    • Roman numerals for main headings, capital letters for subheadings, Arabic numbers for further details.

  2. Decimal Outline Format

    • Arabic numbers replace Roman numerals, allowing subheadings to be numbered accordingly.

Activity Time!

  • Organize ideas about current problems facing the country using:

    1. Brainstorming (list with a partner)

    2. Graphic organizer (any type)

    3. Outline (any form and format)

Prepare for a Quiz

  • Upcoming quiz next meeting!