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Three Main Components: Heart, Blood, and Blood Vessels
Primary Function: To transport oxygen and eliminate waste from the body.
Homeostasis Maintenance: Adjusts blood flow to maintain stable internal conditions.
Immune Support: Aids the immune system in combating infections.

Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Veins: Return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Capillaries: Small blood vessels allowing nutrient and gas exchange at the tissue level.
Waste Products Transported: Carbon dioxide and urea.

Chambers of the Heart: Four chambers – Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle.
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves: Tricuspid and Bicuspid (Mitral) valves.
Semi-Lunar Valves: Pulmonary Semilunar Valve and Aortic Valve.
Function of Heart Valves: Ensure forward blood flow and prevent backflow.
Layers of the Heart:
- Myocardium: Responsible for contraction. Largest layer in heart.
- Pericardium: Prevents friction during heart movements.
- Epicardium: Outermost protective layer.
Chamber Receiving Deoxygenated Blood: Right Atrium.
Chamber Pumping Blood to Lungs: Right Ventricle through Pulmonary Arteries.

Function of Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
Function of Veins: Carry blood towards the heart.
Gas Exchange: Occurs in capillaries where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Unique Artery: Pulmonary artery - only artery carrying deoxygenated blood.
Unique Vein: Pulmonary vein - only vein carrying oxygenated blood.

Order of Blood Flow:
1. Right Atrium
2. Right Ventricle
3. Pulmonary Artery
4. Lungs
5. Pulmonary Veins
6. Left Atrium
7. Aorta
8. Body
Pulmonary Circulation Function: Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
Systemic Circulation Function: Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart and the rest of the body.
Coronary Circulation: Supplies heart with oxygenated blood through coronary arteries; removes deoxygenated blood via coronary veins.
Coronary Sinus Function: Collects deoxygenated blood from myocardial tissue and drains it into the right atrium.

Oxygen Binding Protein: Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds oxygen for transport.
Oxygen Delivery Mechanism: Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to body tissues.
Gas Exchange Process: Diffusion occurs at the capillary level for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Carbon Dioxide in Lungs: Expelled from the body during exhalation.
Role of Red Blood Cells: Transport oxygen to tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to lungs for removal.

Primary Pacemaker: Sinoatrial (SA) node initiates heartbeats.
AV Node Function: Delays electrical signals from SA node to ensure proper timing of contractions.
Bundle of His: Conducts electrical impulses through the heart.
Purkinje Fibers: Distribute electrical impulses to ventricles, ensuring synchronized contractions.
Importance of Conduction System: Maintains heart rhythm and coordination for effective blood pumping.

Hypertension: High blood pressure, dangerous as it can damage blood vessels and organs.
Atherosclerosis Cause: Plaque buildup in arteries.
Effects of Plaque in Arteries: Narrows and stiffens arteries, impeding blood flow.
Heart Attack: Occurs when coronary arteries are blocked, restricting blood and oxygen supply to heart tissue.
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases: Include high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol.
Importance of Managing High Blood Pressure: Reduces risk of heart attacks, strokes, and heart damage.
Lifestyle Changes for Prevention: Healthy eating, regular exercise, and maintaining proper blood pressure levels.
Symptoms of Heart Disease: Chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath.
Benefits of Regular Exercise: Strengthens heart and improves overall cardiovascular health.
Reliable Information Source: American Heart Association provides trustworthy guidance on heart health.