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Unit 1: Kinematics

• Vector vs. Scalar: Vectors include directions.

• Displacement vs. Distance

• Velocity vs. Speed: Velocity is a vector. ALWAYS include direction for velocity.

• Acceleration: also a vector.

• Linearization.

• Big Four Equations:

  • Vₓ = Vₓₒ + at

  • Δx = Vₒt + 1/2 at²

  • Vₓ² = Vₒ² + 2a(Δx)

  • Δx = 1/2 t(Vₓₒ + Vₓ)

• Projectile Motion

• Position-Time Graphs

• Velocity-Time Graphs (slope of position graph)

• Acceleration-Time Graphs (slope of velocity graph)

• Acceleration due to Gravity: g = 9.8 m/s²

Unit 2: Dynamics

• Equilibrium: net force is equal to 0.

• Newton’s Laws:

  • 1st Law: Law of Inertia.

  • 2nd Law: Force = mass x acceleration.

  • 3rd Law: Force Pairs (equal and opposite): 𝛴F = ma.

• Friction: Fƒ = Fₙμ (Coefficient of friction (μ)).

• Ramps/Inclined Planes: Know how to create free body diagrams with angles.

• Force Body Diagrams.

• Force and Net Force.

• Centripetal Force: Fc = mv²/r (not a force, just an expression for the net force).

• Centripetal Acceleration: Ac = v²/r.

• Universal Gravitation.

• Uniform Circular Motion: constant speed (magnitude of velocity is constant).

Unit 3: Circular Motion & Gravitation

• Centripetal Force: not a force, just an expression for the net force

  • Fc = mv²/r

• Centripetal Acceleration ○ Ac = v²/r

• Universal Gravitation

• Uniform Circular Motion: constant speed (magnitude of velocity is constant)

• Combos with Forces, Energy, Simple Harmonic Motion, Rotation

• Inertial mass vs. Gravitational mass

  • How do you find each one experimentally?

Unit 4: Energy

• Work: W = Fd.

  • Parallel: (+) Work.

  • Antiparallel: (-) Work.

• Work = Change in Energy.

• Potential Energy (PE):

  • Gravitational: PEg = mgh.

  • Spring: PEs = (½) kx².

• Kinetic Energy (KE):

  • KE = (½) mv².

  • KEr = (½) Iω² (rotational motion).

• Mechanical Energy: the sum of a system’s kinetic and potential energy.

• Power: P = W/t or P = Fv.

• Conservation of Energy.

• Bar Charts, Graphs & Diagrams.

Unit 5: Momentum

• Momentum: p = mv.

• Impulse: J = Ft.

• Conservation of Momentum.

• Center of Mass.

• Collisions: Inelastic vs. Elastic.

  • Elastic: Kinetic Energy and Momentum are conserved.

  • Inelastic: Momentum is conserved.

Unit 6: Simple Harmonic Motion

• Spring & Pendulum: Energy relationships.

• Hooke’s Law: F = kx.

• Period Equations:

  • Pendulum: T = 2π( l/g)

  • Spring: T = 2π(m/k)

Unit 7: Torque & Rotational Motion

• Rotational Kinematics: 𝜃, 𝜔, 𝛼: Same as Unit 1 Big 4 equations, but with new symbols.

• Torque: Σ𝜏 = I𝛼.

• Rotational KE and Conservation of Energy.

• Angular Momentum & Conservation of Momentum.

FRQ Tips

• Experimental Design: Tests ability to design and analyze lab data.

• Quantitative & Qualitative Translation: Tests ability to translate between quantitative and qualitative reasoning.

• Paragraph Argument: Tests ability to make a coherent argument in a physics phenomenon.

• Short-Answer (2): Tests skills not highlighted in other questions.

Solving Tips

• Does this equation model the correct observations?

• Are the variables showing a direct or indirect relationship?

• Cite info from the problem.

• Bring in Basic Physics.

• Describe how the info works with the Physics.