Laos
BBC
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Key Historical Events:
• 1353–1707: Lan Xang KingdomFounder Fa Ngum establishes "Land of a Million Elephants" (Lan Xang), making it a powerful regional kingdom.
• 1707–1893: Fragmentation & Siamese Rule Lan Xang splits into three kingdoms (Luang Prabang, Vientiane, Champasak) and falls under Siamese (Thai) dominance.
• 1893–1945: French ProtectorateLaos is unified under French colonial rule as part of French Indochina.
• 1945-1953: Independence Struggle Brief independence in 1945, followed by return of French rule. Full independence as a constitutional monarchy is recognized in 1953.
• 1959-1975: Laotian Civil WarConflict between royalists and communist Pathet Lao, heavily involved in the Vietnam War. Laos becomes the most heavily bombed country in history by the US.
• 1975: Communist RevolutionPathet Lao seizes power, abolishes the monarchy, and proclaims the Lao People's Democratic Republic, establishing the current LPRP regime.
• 1990s–Present: Opening UpReforms begin, leading to tourism growth and economic opening, joining ASEAN in 1997 and WTO in 2013.