Imperialism

Preparing for the Panama Canal

US Interest: The United States bought the rights to build the canal from the French in 1902.

Panama’s Revolution: Panama was a part of the Republic of Colombia. Revolutionaries were plotting to break free of Colombian rule. President Theodore Roosevelt supported the revolution and quickly recognized the new government, the Republic of Panama. A new treaty wth government gave the US complete control of the 10-mile-wide Canal Zone

Building the Panama Canal

American work began in May 1904

Harsh working conditions, material shortages, malaria, and the yellow fever hampered contruction

President Roosevelt appointed Josh F. Stevens as chief engineer and architect. Dr. William C. Gorgas focused on sanitation and health concerns

By draining standing water and encouraging spiders, ants, and lizards to breed, malaria was almost eliminated by 1913

After the resignation of Stevens in 1907, Lt. Col. George W. Goethals took over the job of building the canal. Progress continued, and in Auguest 1914 the SS Ancon became the first ship ti pass through the canal

SS Maine became a catalyst, placed there from Roosevelt got blown up and started Spanish American War

Rough riders was Roosevelts group

Survival of the fittest- social darwinism

Who sought to convert believers of other faiths in China?

Christian Missionaries

What was the name of the first ship in the Panama Canal?

SS Ancon

Rid of Mosquitoes?

Rid of still water, increase in insects that eat mosquitoes

Canal?

Panama

William Mickenly was assassinated

Diplomacy and naval superiority help the US gain influence in Japan.

Japan was isolated and unindustrialized until the mid-1800’s

Commodore MAtthew Perry brought four steamships into Tokyo Bay in 1853 to pressure Japan to open its ports to trade

Japan quickly became an industrial adn military power to compete with the West

Japan will buy the US products, we can have rresources and workforces

Makes us richer if we pair with Japan, if Japan refuses we’ll go and industrialize another country making you less powerful

The Open Door Policy givies the US an equal footing in China

European powers gained sphres of influence in China

The US feared it would be shut out of the valuable China trade

Secretary if State John Hay proposed the Open Door Policy, giving all nations equal trading rights in China

Increased foreign presence in China led to the Boxer Rebellion

Western Nations cooperated to quell the rebellion and continue exploitation of Chinese trade

The spheres of influence!!!

Christian Missionaries come in

Buddist killed Christian Missionaries as a sign for them to leave

Simmering Unrest in Cuba

Cubans launched a series of recolts against Spain beginning in 1868, which Spain reacted to by exiling revolutionary leaders

Jose Marti moved to NYC in 1878, continuing to agitate for Cuban independence through newspaper articles and poetry

Marti returned to Cuba to participate in a revolt in February 1895 but was killed, becoing a hero instantly

Spanish General Valeriano Weyler used ruthless tactics to supress the revolt, further angering Cubans and swaying American sentiment to the side of the rebels

Yellow Journalism- Propaganda

Americans Get War Fever

Newpapers reported the uprising with dramatic headlines and articles

A letter written by the spanish minister to the US, Enrique Dupuy de Loome, which ridiculed President McKinley, was published by the New York Journal

The battleship USS Maine blew up in Havana Harbor, killing 250 American sailors

Although there was no proof, the expplosion was blamed on a Spanish mine, galvanizing US support for war with Spain

The Course of the War

The Phillippines

Future President Theodore Roosevelt sent Commodore George Dewey orders to prepare for war against Spain.

Dewey engaged the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay

Steel and iron hulled US ships helped to defeat the Spainards

Fillipino rebels, led by Emillio Aquinaldo had already been fighting Spain

Surrounded by Dewey (at sea) and Aquinaldo (on land), Spanish forces surrendered

Cuba

US War Department was unprepared for war in Cubs

American Strategy was to controll the port city of Santiago

Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders helped gain control of the city at the Battle of San Juan Hill

The US Navy sank the entire Spanish fleet off the coast of Cuba

Sugar planters overthrew the queen of Hawaii

Captain James Cook found Hawaii

The US in Puerto Rico

President McKinley also set up a military government on this island

The US governed Puerto Rico as a territory

Forsaker Act of 1900 established that the US would appoint a governor and upper house of legislature. Puerto Rican voters elected the lower house.

A 1917 law granted Puerto Ricans US citizenship and ability to elect all legislative representatives

In 1952, Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth, with power over most of its domestic affairs. The US still controls interstate trade, immigration, and military affairs.

Building the Panama Canal

American work begain in May 1904

Harsh working conditions, material shortages, malaria, and the yellow fever hampered construction

President Roosevelt appointed John F. Stevensas chief engineer and architect. Dr. William C. Georgas focused on sanitation and health concerns

By draining standing water and encouraging spiders, ants, and lizards to breed, malariawas almost eliminated by 1913

After the resignation of Stevens in 1907, Lt. Col. George W. Goethals took over the job of building the canal. Progress continued, and in Auguest 1914 the SS Ancon became the first ship to pass through the canal

The United States in Cuba

President William McKinley set up a military government in Cuba.

Advanes were made to eliminate yellow fever

US Army doctors Walter Reed adm William C Gorgas proved Cuban doctir Carlos Juan Finlay’s theory that mosquitoes spread yellow fever

Standing water was eliminated in Cuba, and yellow fever was virtually eliminated in Havana within 6 months

US appointed governor of cua Leonard Wood oversaw the drafting of a new Cuban Constitution in 1901

US forced Cuba to include the Platt Amendment. This limited Cuba’s ability to sign treaties with other nations and gave the US the right to intervene in Cuan affairs and set up military bases

This led to the establishment of the US naval base at Guantamamo Bay

Amendment also made Cuba a US protectorate- a country under the control and protection of another country

On test

What is Puerto?

A common wealth of the US

Who saved people from mosquitoes?

How were people saved from mosquitoes?

Who was the first ship through the panama canal?

Platt Amendment- says that the US could intervene in Cuban affairs and set up military bases

Monroe doctrine- President #5, no more president countries can come into the US hemisphere without arguing

Roosevelt Corollary

What doctrine from the past proclaimed in 1883 the prohibited people from entering the western hemisphere?