Cell Structure and Cell Function Notes

Cell Structure and Cell Function

Cell Components and Functions

• Plasma membrane: Regulates the movement of substances across the cell and separates the cell contents from the external environment.
• Cell wall: Maintains the shape of plant cells, protects them from bursting, and provides strength and support.
• Cytoplasm: Acts as a medium for biochemical reactions of most living processes in the cell.
• Nucleus: Carries genetic information in the form of DNA.
• Vacuole: Stores nutrients, wastes, and metabolic by-products.
• Ribosome: Synthesizes proteins.
• Mitochondria: Synthesizes ATP and serves as a site for cellular respiration.
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Transports proteins made by the ribosomes throughout the cell.
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: Synthesizes lipids and carries out the detoxification of drugs.
• Golgi apparatus: Modifies, transports, sorts, and packages proteins and carbohydrates.
• Lysosome: Digests old and worn organelles and breaks down complex organic molecules.
• Centriole: Forms spindle fibers during cell division.
• Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis.

Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

Similarities of Plant and Animal Cells

• Stores carbohydrates in the form of starch.
• Stores carbohydrates in the form of glycogen.

Differences between Plant and Animal Cells