SS Test on Monday
Geography:
Label the following on the map below:
Drive for Reform
What is progressivism? What motivated it?
Middle Class movement that wanted to fix economic and social problems. Motivated by Religion (Social Gospel - improve society by applying Christian Principles).
What were the 5 goals of progressives?
Reduce political corruption
Limit monopolies
Moral Reform
End child labor/improve working conditions
Women's suffrage
What is a Muckraker?
Journalists who used sensational investigation to uncover problems in society.
For each of the following Muckrakers, explain what they exposed.
Upton Sinclair - The Jungle exposed horror of Meat Packing Industry
Ida Tarbell - Exposed corruption of Standard Oil
Lincoln Steffes - Exposed corruption in city politics
Jacob Riis - exposed problems in poor urban areas/slums
John Spargo - exposed horrors of Child Labor
Ida B. Wells - Exposed Lynching and advocated for AA rights.
How did progressives attempt to help the urban poor? Who is Jane Addams?
Establishing settlement houses that provided Social Services. Jane Addams was a reformer who founded Hull house, a famous settlement house. Inspired women to go into social work.
What success did progressives have in the fight against child labor?
Minimum wage, max. Working hours & require school until a certain age.
What was the Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire? What did it show a need for?
Factory fire that killed 146 women. Showed a need for the government to ensure workplace safety
What success did progressives have in the fight to improve working conditions?
Workers comp., building codes, zoning laws, health codes
What was the Prohibition Movement? Who is Carrie Nation? What did the 18th amendment do?
Move to ban alcohol →blamed for societal problems. Carrie Nation was a leader of the temperance movement. 18th Banned the consumption of alcohol.
What reforms were made to state & Local governments? Who is Robert M. La Follette?
Direct primary (citizens choose nominees) , referendum (citizens approve or reject new law), initiative (people can propose new laws), recall (voters can remove officials from office). Follette was a state reformer in WI that led a movement to reform government.
Women in the Progressive Era
What conditions did women live under during the progressive era?
Difficult working conditions; second class citizens; had to hand over wages to father/husband; no right to vote.
What roles did women fill in the Progressive Movement? Who is Florence Kelley?
Muckrackers, led the temperance movement, and worked in settlement houses. Florence Kelley - leader of a women's trade union to improve working conditions.
Who is Carrie Chapman Catt? What was the “winning plan” for women's suffrage?
Leader of the Suffrage movement. Winning plan: State Level: using referendum to gain the right to vote in states. Federal Level: Petition for a constitutional amendment.
Who is Alice Paul? How did she contribute to the women’s suffrage movement?
Radical suffragette who used hunger strikes and led marches and formed the National Women’s party.
What does the 19th amendment do?
Gives women the right to vote.
African Americans in the Progressive Era:
Define Jim Crow Laws.
Segregation laws
What did Plessy vs. Ferguson establish?
Separate but equal - legalized segregation
What is the difference between de facto and de jure segregation?
De Jure: by law segregation (S) De Facto: by custom segregation (N)
What was the difference between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois’s approach to achieving equality?
Washington: Move Slowly towards equality
Dubois: immediate equality
What is the NAACP?
National Association for the advancement of colored people. Founded by Dubois to protect the rights of African Americans.
What was George Washington Carver’s major contribution?
Helped end southern dependence on Cotton through innovative uses of the peanut.
Labor Unions:
Describe the following strikes:
Progressive Presidents:
What were the characteristics of the progressive Presidents?
Powerful, involved, used their power for the good of the nation, regulated industry and gave power back to the people.
How did Teddy Roosevelt become president? What is the Bully Pulpit?
Was VP, becomes president after Mckinely is assassinated. The Bully Pulpit is a platform where the presidents use their power to force change.
What is the Square Deal?
TR’s policy while president - 3 cs (Consumer Protection, Conservation, & Control Corporations)
(Consumer Protection) Describe the results of the Meat Inspection Act and Pure food and Drug Act.
MIA - meat & processing plants must now must be inspected
PFDA- inspect food/medicine & banned mislabeling.
Describe Roosevelt’s Conservation Efforts.
230 mil. Acres of public parks, created US forest service.
Why was Teddy Roosevelt known as a “trust buster”?
He gave power to the Sherman anti-trust act and broke up monopolies/trusts.
Explain how the Coal Strike of 1902, Northern Securities v. US, American Tobacco v. US and Standard Oil v. US were victories for the Roosevelt administration.
Coal Strike- US government supported laborers in a strike
Northern Securities - RR co. owned by Morgan, trust was broken up.
American Tobacco - Broke up J.B. Dukes Tobacco Trust
Standard Oil - Broke up Standard Oil Trust
How did Howard Taft become president?
TR says he will not run for a 4th term, chooses close friend Taft to be his successor but is not happy about how Taft preforms.
What were Taft’s policies?
The Payne Aldrich Tariff raised taxes on imported goods, very unpopular.
Attacked all trusts
Describe the election of 1912.
TR is unhappy and decides to run again on New Nationalism platform. Does not win R. nomination and runs third party (bull moose party) and splits the Rep. vote and Wilson wins.
What was Wilson’s New Freedom?
Wilson’s program - strong government, anti trust, freedom for small businesses. Attacked the “triple wall of privilege” - Tariffs, Banks, Trusts.
Describe the following Wilson Era policies: Underwood Tariff Act, Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission, and Clayton Antitrust Act.
Underwood - cut tariffs & graduated income tax. Led to 16th amendment (fed. Income tax, Government in charge of $ supply
FTC - monitors business practices, keep monopolies from forming
Clayton- Strengthened Sherman Act - listed what co. could not do.
American Imperialism
What was Manifest Destiny?
Belief that Americans are predestined to claim the land in the West.
Define Imperialism.
Expanding Political & Military control over weaker territory
What 3 factors fueled American Imperialism.
1. Military strength, 2. New Market 3. Belief in cultural superiority.
What is Social Darwinism?
Survival of the fittest - idea that American culture is superior and should be spread.
How was Hawaii Annexed?
The monarchy (queen Lil’oukianli) was overthrown in a coup and the new government got HI annexed because of its strategic location during the SPA-US war.
What was the main cause of the Spanish American War?
US sympathy for Cuban independence and interest in expanding imperial power.
What U.S. ship was sunk in Havana Harbor prior to the war starting?
The USS Maine
Describe the War in the Philippines.
The US took Manila Bay and the Spanish Navy was soundly defeated.
Who were the Rough Riders?
A group of volunteers led by Teddy Roosevlt, became famous for their service.
Describe the Battles of San Juan Hill and Santiago.
San Juan Hill - Rough Riders took the hill on second attempt and US is able to advance onto Santiago.
Santiago- Siege of city until Spanish surrender.
How did the War end? What territory did the United States gain?
Treaty of Paris, US gains Puerto Rico, Guam, & Philippines.