UNIT-1

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY College of Economics, Management, and Development Studies

Lesson 1: Introduction to Computer Concept

  • Computer
    • A simple electronic device that takes data, processes the data according to a series of instructions called a program.
Definitions
  • Input
    • The information you enter into a computer.
  • Output
    • The information produced by the computer.
Uses of Computers
  • Business
  • Home
  • Entertainment
  • Scientific Research
  • Military
Benefits of Computers
  1. Storing or memorizing large amounts of information.
  2. Quickly recalling a single piece of information.
  3. Rapidly performing a series of sequential tasks.
  4. Carrying out specific actions based on sensor readings or other quantifiable information.

History of Computers

  • Abacus

    • One of the earliest devices for calculation.

  • Napier's Bones

    • A manually-operated calculating device

  • Ougthred's Slide Rule

    • A mechanical analog computer for multiplication and division.

  • Pascal's Calculator

    • Developed by Blaise Pascal; mechanical calculator for addition and subtraction.

  • Leibniz Calculator

    • Introduced more complex operations such as multiplication.

  • Babbage's Analytical Engine

    • Concept for a general-purpose computer; laid groundwork for future computing devices.

  • IBM 010 Punch

    • Early device for storing information on perforated cards; similar to modern CD-ROMs.

  • Joseph-Marie Jacquard

    • Invented a loom using punched cards for fabric patterns.

  • John Atanasoff

    • Built the first rudimentary electronic computer in the late 1930s; ENIAC credited as the first electronic computer in 1945.

  • Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace

    • Contributed significantly to Babbage's work; inspired the naming of the Ada programming language.

Basic Terms

  1. Vacuum Tube
    • An electronic device that controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum; used as a switch, amplifier, or display screen in older models of radios, televisions, and computers.
  2. Transistor
    • An electronic component that can amplify or switch electrical signals; fundamental building block for modern electronic devices.
  3. Integrated Circuit (IC)
    • A small electronic circuit printed on a chip, usually made of silicon, containing multiple circuit elements (e.g., transistors, diodes).
  4. Microprocessor
    • The part of a computer that contains its central processing unit (CPU) and associated circuits.
  5. CPU (Central Processing Unit)