07-China's National Governance System and International Exchanges-2024
Contemporary China's Development and Social Practice
China's National Governance System and International Exchanges
Political Structure of State
Forms of State Government:
Republic
Constitutional Monarchy
Federation
United States
China's Modern Political System
People's Congress System
Regional Ethnic Autonomy System
Self-Governance at Primary Society Layers
Multi-Party Cooperation & Political Consultation under CPC Leadership
Whole-Process People's Democracy
Administrative Region System in China
Local Administration Levels
Four Levels of Local Administration:
Province
City
County/District
Township
Self-Governance System at Primary Society Layers
Village Committees
Residents Committees
Structure of Administrative Divisions
Provincial-Level Administrative Regions
Total: 34 Regions
23 Provinces
5 Autonomous Regions:
Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Guangxi, Ningxia, Tibet
4 Municipalities: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing
2 Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong, Macao
Prefecture-Level Administrative Regions
Total: 330+ Regions
More than 290 Prefecture-Level Cities
7 Regions:
Daxinganling, Ngari, etc.
30 Autonomous Prefectures
3 League Regions
County-Level Administrative Areas
Total: 2800+
Districts: 970+
County-Level Cities: 380+
Counties: 1300+
Others: Autonomous Counties, Banners, Special Districts
Township-Level Administrative Areas
Total: ~40,000
Subdistricts: 8000+
Towns: ~21,000
Rural Townships: ~8000
Ethnic Townships: ~1000
Self-Governance System at Primary Society Layers
Types of Organizations:
Village Committees
Resident Committees
Regional Ethnic Autonomy
Types of Autonomous Regions:
Autonomous Regions
Autonomous Prefectures
Autonomous Counties
Ethnic Townships
Population Statistics (2010 Census):
Han People: 91.51%
Ethnic Minorities: 8.49%
Autonomy Content: Legislative power, executive power, economic autonomy, cultural autonomy
National People's Congress (NPC)
Structure:
National NPC and Local People's Congresses
Term Duration: Five Years
About 2900 Deputies
Indirect elections based on population with equity for minorities
Functions:
Amending the Constitution
Electing government organs
Approving economic and social plans
Reviewing state budgets
Establishing provinces and regions
Political Development
Urbanization
Urbanization Levels (2006):
East: 54.6%, Central: 40.4%, West: 35.7%
Exceeded 50% for the first time in 2011
Rural Areas
Governance Challenges:
Contradictions between openness and governance
Economic and social separation
Integration vs separation
Primary-Level Governance
Urban Community Building:
Coordination with grassroots organizations for effective governance
Contemporary International Exchanges
Belt and Road Initiative:
Goals: mutual growth, sustainability, economic connections
Focus on infrastructure, environmental harmony, digital economy
Concept of Shared Future for Mankind
Principles:
Accommodating legitimate concerns of other countries
Promoting common development
Sustainable Development
Definitions & Historical Context
Sustainable Development Defined: Meeting current needs without jeopardizing future
UN Reports: 1987 report established key principles and goals
Global Governance
Key Concepts
Multinatinal Collaboration: Managing global challenges through diverse actors
China's Role: Active participation, upholding UN principles, promoting stability
Conclusion
Conclusion on Governance: Strengthening global governance and cooperation is essential for sustainable development and stability.