3.5 - The BIOS

BIOS Overview

• Stands for Basic Input/Output System.

• Often referred to as firmware; can be called system BIOS or ROM BIOS (Read-Only Memory).

• Usually stored in flash memory on the motherboard, not traditional read-only memory.

Power-On Self-Test (POST)

• Initial diagnostic process when starting a computer.

• Checks for CPU, memory, keyboard, and mouse.

• Error messages displayed if initialization fails.

Bootloader

• Follows POST completion, prompts user to choose operating system.

• Indicates readiness to load the operating system.

BIOS Storage

• Typically consists of two flash chips: main BIOS and backup.

• Allows BIOS upgrades with a backup in case of failures during the process.

Types of BIOS

• Legacy BIOS:

  • Traditional type in use for over 25 years.

  • Limited support for modern hardware.

• UEFI BIOS:

  • Stands for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface.

  • Developed by Intel; used in all modern systems.

  • Offers graphical interfaces and mouse compatibility.

UEFI Features

• Consistent functionality across different manufacturers.

• Includes CPU overview, connected devices, storage, audio, and network settings.

• Advanced settings for CPU features, virtualization, power options, and security.

• Important to understand adjustments to settings to maintain system reliability.

BIOS Updates

• Backup and documentation are crucial before making any changes or updates.