Ch. 13 Part 2 Psychological Disorders: DSM-V-TR, Statistics, and Suicide Prevention

DSM-V-TR & ICD-11

  • Psychiatrists, psychologists, mental health counselors, and clinical social workers collaborate to define psychological/mental health disorders, including symptomology and functional deficits.
  • Two diagnostic classification systems are used:
    • DSM (Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
      • Developed and updated by the American Psychiatric Association.
      • Current edition: DSM-5-TR
    • ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems)
      • Developed and published by the World Health Organization (WHO).
      • Current edition: ICD-11
  • These manuals aid in assessing symptoms and determining if diagnostic criteria are met for psychiatric/psychological/mental disorders.

DSM-V-TR Diagnostic Categories

The DSM-V-TR categorizes psychological disorders into:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders
  • Bipolar & Related Disorders
  • Depressive Disorders
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders
  • Trauma & Stressor-Related Disorders
  • Dissociative Disorders
  • Feeding & Eating Disorders
  • Elimination Disorders
  • Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders
  • Sleep-Wake Disorders
  • Sexual Dysfunctions
  • Gender Dysphoria
  • Disruptive, Impulse-Control, & Conduct Disorders
  • Substance-Related & Addictive Disorders
  • Neurocognitive Disorders
  • Personality Disorders
  • Paraphilic Disorders

Mental Health Statistics (NIMH, 2022)

  • Prevalence of Any Mental Illness (AMI) in U.S. Adults:
    • Estimated 59.3 million adults (aged 18+) had AMI.
    • Represents 23.1% of all U.S. adults.
    • Higher prevalence among females (26.4%) than males (19.7%).
    • Highest prevalence in young adults (18-25 years): 36.2% compared to 26-49 years (29.4%) and 50+ years (13.9%).
    • Highest prevalence among adults reporting two or more races (35.2%), followed by White adults (24.6%).
    • Lowest prevalence among Asian adults (16.8%).
  • Prevalence of Any Mental Disorder Among Adolescents (2001-2004 data):
    • Estimated 49.5% of adolescents had any mental disorder.
    • 22.2% of adolescents with a mental disorder had severe impairment and/or distress.

Mental Health Treatment Statistics (NIMH, 2022)

  • Treatment Rates
    • Among 59.3 million adults with AMI, 30.0 million (50.6%) received mental health treatment in the past year.
    • More females with AMI (56.9%) received treatment than males (41.6%).
    • Young adults (18-25 years) with AMI received slightly less treatment (49.1%) compared to adults aged 26-49 (50.0%) and 50+ (52.7%).

Anxiety Disorder Statistics (NIMH, 2001-2003 Data)

  • Prevalence of Any Anxiety Disorder Among Adults:
    • Estimated 19.1% of U.S. adults had any anxiety disorder in the past year.
    • Higher prevalence in females (23.4%) than males (14.3%).
    • Estimated 31.1% of U.S. adults experience any anxiety disorder at some time in their lives.
  • Prevalence of Any Anxiety Disorder Among Adolescents (2001-2004 Data):
    • Estimated 31.9% of adolescents had any anxiety disorder.
    • 8.3% of adolescents with anxiety disorder had severe impairment.
    • Higher prevalence in females (38.0%) than males (26.1%).

Major Depression Statistics (NIMH, 2021)

  • Prevalence of Major Depressive Episode Among Adults:
    • Estimated 21.0 million adults had at least one major depressive episode.
    • Represents 8.3% of all U.S. adults.
    • Higher prevalence in females (10.3%) compared to males (6.2%).
    • Highest prevalence in individuals aged 18-25 (18.6%).
  • Prevalence of Major Depressive Episode Among Adolescents:
    • Estimated 5.0 million adolescents (aged 12-17) had at least one major depressive episode.
    • Represents 20.1% of the U.S. population aged 12-17.
    • Higher prevalence in females (29.2%) compared to males (11.5%).
    • Highest prevalence among adolescents reporting two or more races (27.2%).

ADHD Statistics (NIMH, 2001-2004 Data)

  • Prevalence of ADHD Among Adults:
    • Overall prevalence of current adult ADHD is 4.4%.
    • Higher prevalence in males (5.4%) versus females (3.2%).
    • Non-Hispanic white group (5.4%) had a higher prevalence than all other race/ethnicity groups.
    • Estimated lifetime prevalence of ADHD in U.S. adults aged 18-44 years was 8.1%.
  • Prevalence of ADHD Among Adolescents:
    • Lifetime prevalence of ADHD was 8.7%.
    • Nearly half of all cases showed severe impairment (4.2%).
    • ADHD affected three times as many males (13.0%) as females (4.2%).

Suicide Statistics (NIMH, CDC 2021)

  • Suicide was the 11th leading cause of death overall in the United States.
  • Over 48,100 people died by suicide.
  • Leading cause of death rankings by age:
    • 2nd leading cause of death among individuals between the ages of 10-14 & 25-34.
    • 3rd leading cause of death among individuals between the ages of 15-24.
    • 5th leading cause of death among individuals between the ages of 35 and 44.
  • There were nearly two times (2x) as many suicides (48,18348,183) in the U.S. as there were homicides (26,03126,031).
  • If you are in crisis, call or text the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988. Available 24/7. Also available via live chat.