Chapter 16

Absolutely!! 💗 I’ll do Chapter 16 the exact same way — around 70–80 high-yield cards, focused on what’s most likely to matter for your CNA exam, with short answers and no unnecessary details. This chapter is Basic First Aid and Emergency Care.

CHAPTER 16.pdf

Chapter 16 — Basic First Aid & Emergency Care

1. What is an emergency?
   A condition requiring immediate medical attention

2. What can cause an emergency?
   Accidents or medical conditions

3. What does “oriented” mean?
   Aware of person, place, and time

4. What does disoriented mean?
   Unable to answer basic orientation questions

5. What does unresponsive mean?
   Unconscious or not responding to stimuli

6. What should a CNA report immediately?
   Unusual changes in condition or awareness

7. What is the first responsibility during an emergency?
   Recognize that an emergency exists

8. What should you do before entering an emergency scene?
   Check that the scene is safe

9. Why should you check scene safety?
   To avoid becoming injured yourself

10. What should you do if a person is unresponsive?
    Activate the emergency response system

11. What is an emergency response system?
    Resources organized to respond to emergencies

12. What information should you provide when calling for help?
    Location and person’s condition

13. What is first aid?
    Care before advanced medical help arrives

14. What determines the first aid a CNA provides?
    Training and scope of practice

15. What should you do while waiting for emergency personnel?
    Stay calm and provide appropriate care

16. What should you do after providing emergency care?
    Record observations and care provided

17. Why is oxygen important to the body?
    Cells need oxygen to survive

18. What is respiratory arrest?
    Breathing has stopped

19. What can cause respiratory arrest?
    Airway obstruction, trauma, drowning, or medications

20. What can happen if respiratory arrest continues?
    Cardiac arrest may occur

21. What is cardiac arrest?
    The heart has stopped beating

22. What can cause cardiac arrest?
    Heart attack, overdose, bleeding, or electrocution

23. What is basic life support (BLS)?
    Measures preventing or treating respiratory/cardiac arrest

24. What are three BLS measures?
    Rescue breathing, CPR, and AED use

25. What is rescue breathing?
    Breathing air into another person

26. What is CPR?
    Chest compressions combined with rescue breathing

27. What does an AED do?
    Detects rhythm and delivers an electrical shock

28. Why should an AED be used quickly?
    Survival decreases with every passing minute

29. What does “C” stand for in CAB?
    Compressions

30. What does “A” stand for in CAB?
    Airway

31. What does “B” stand for in CAB?
    Breathing

32. What is the BLS compression rate?
    100–120 compressions per minute

33. How many compressions are given before two breaths?
    30 compressions

34. How many breaths follow 30 compressions?
    Two breaths

35. When should chest compressions begin for no pulse?
    Within 10 seconds

36. What should you check before starting BLS?
    Responsiveness and pulse

37. What should you consider before resuscitating someone?
    Their resuscitation wishes and DNR status

38. What is a heart attack?
    Blocked blood flow causing heart muscle damage

39. What is a common heart attack symptom?
    Chest pain, pressure, or tightness

40. Where can heart attack pain spread?
    Neck, back, or arm

41. What are other heart attack symptoms?
    Sweating, breathing trouble, nausea, or fatigue

42. What should you do for suspected heart attack?
    Lie person down and activate emergency response

43. What is a stroke?
    Interrupted blood supply to part of the brain

44. What does FAST help identify?
    Signs of a stroke

45. What does “F” in FAST mean?
    Face drooping

46. What does “A” in FAST mean?
    Arm weakness

47. What does “S” in FAST mean?
    Speech difficulty

48. What does “T” in FAST mean?
    Time to call 911

49. What should you do if stroke symptoms disappear?
    Still call 911 immediately

50. How should you position someone suspected of stroke?
    Keep the person lying down

51. What is syncope?
    Temporary loss of consciousness from reduced brain blood flow

52. What are signs someone may faint?
    Dizziness, pale skin, sweating, or vision loss

53. How should you position someone who feels faint?
    Supine with legs elevated 12 inches

54. What is another position for someone feeling faint?
    Sitting with head between knees

55. How long should a fainting person remain positioned?
    At least 5 minutes

56. What should you do if someone actually faints?
    Lower them safely to a flat surface

57. How should an unconscious person who fainted be positioned?
    On their back with head turned sideways

58. When can you raise a fainted person’s legs?
    If no head, neck, or spinal injury

59. What is a seizure?
    Interrupted brain activity

60. What characterizes a grand mal seizure?
    Violent jerking of muscles

61. What characterizes a petit mal seizure?
    Brief staring or stopped speech

62. What should you do during a seizure?
    Protect the person from injury

63. What should you place under a person’s head?
    A pillow or folded towel

64. What should you never put inside someone’s mouth during seizure?
    Anything

65. What should you do after a seizure?
    Turn the person onto their side

66. Why place someone in the recovery position after seizure?
    To allow secretions to drain

67. What is hemorrhage?
    Severe, uncontrolled bleeding

68. What does arterial bleeding look like?
    Spurts or pulses with heartbeat

69. What does venous bleeding look like?
    Flows steadily

70. What should you do first for severe bleeding?
    Apply firm, steady direct pressure

71. What should you do if direct pressure fails?
    Raise limb and apply pulse-point pressure

72. When is a tourniquet used?
    As a last resort by trained responders

73. What is shock?
    Inadequate oxygen-rich blood reaching tissues

74. What are signs of shock?
    Low blood pressure, weak pulse, pale clammy skin

75. What is hemorrhagic shock caused by?
    Massive blood loss

76. What is anaphylactic shock caused by?
    A severe allergic reaction

77. How should you care for someone in shock?
    Keep them warm and calm

78. What is aspiration?
    Inhaling foreign material into the airway

79. What indicates a partial airway obstruction with good air exchange?
    Strong coughing and good skin color

80. What should you do for strong coughing during partial obstruction?
    Stay and allow continued coughing

81. What indicates poor air exchange?
    Weak cough, crowing sounds, or cyanosis

82. What happens during complete airway obstruction?
    Person cannot cough, speak, or breathe

83. What is the universal sign of choking?
    Grabbing the throat

84. What is used for choking adults and children over 1?
    Abdominal thrusts

85. When are chest thrusts used instead of abdominal thrusts?
    Pregnancy or very large body size

86. What should you do if a choking person becomes unresponsive?
    Begin CPR with chest compressions

87. What is used for choking infants under 1?
    Backslaps and chest thrusts

88. Why aren’t abdominal thrusts used on infants?
    They can damage internal organs

89. How many backslaps are given to a choking infant?
    Up to five

90. How many chest thrusts are given to an infant?
    Up to five

91. What is the chain of survival?
    Events that improve emergency survival

92. What is the first step of the chain of survival?
    Recognize emergency and activate response

93. What is the second step of the chain of survival?
    First responder care

94. What is the third step of the chain of survival?
    Advanced medical intervention

95. What is the fourth step of the chain of survival?
    Hospital care

96. What is the final step of the chain of survival?
    Rehabilitation

⭐ SUPER IMPORTANT FOR YOUR EXAM

If you’re trying to get your 70% familiarity first, I would especially memorize these:

• Emergency → recognize, act, check consciousness, activate help, provide care, document

• BLS → rescue breathing + CPR + AED

• CAB → Compressions, Airway, Breathing

• CPR → 30 compressions : 2 breaths

• 100–120 compressions/min

• Heart attack → chest pressure/pain + sweating + breathing trouble

• Stroke → FAST

• F = Face, A = Arm, S = Speech, T = Time

• Fainting → lie down + legs 12 inches

• Seizure → protect from injury; NEVER put anything in mouth

• After seizure → recovery position

• Hemorrhage → direct pressure

• Arterial = spurting/pulsing

• Shock → cool, clammy, pale + weak rapid pulse

• Partial choking + strong cough → let them cough

• Complete choking → cannot cough/speak/breathe

• Adult/child >1 → abdominal thrusts

• Infant <1 → backslaps + chest thrusts

• Chain of survival → recognize → first aid/BLS → advanced care → hospital → rehab

These cards are based on the Chapter 16 material you uploaded, including its objectives, emergency procedures, BLS guidance, emergency conditions, choking procedures, and review questions.

CHAPTER 16.pdf