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BASKETBALL Overview

Basketball was invented by James Naismith in 1891 in Massachusetts, USA.
Naismith was responsible for physical education at a school in Springfield.

Naismith wanted to create an indoor game for students to play in winter.
The first game used a peach basket as a net and a soccer ball with 13 original rules.

Basketball is a team sport played on a defined court.
The objective is to score points by getting a ball through a ring at a height of 3.05 meters.
Teams aim to score more points than their opponents by the end of the game.

A basketball match consists of four quarters, each lasting 10 minutes.
The game uses a stopped clock rule: the clock pauses when the ball goes out of play or when the referee signals.

If teams are tied at the end of regulation, an extension of 5 minutes is played until a winner is determined.
Each team can request a one-minute timeout for strategy discussions.

Points are scored as follows:
- 1 point: Free throw when the game is stopped.
- 2 points: Scored from within the three-point line during play.
- 3 points: Scored from beyond the three-point line.

Each team consists of 5 players on the court and a maximum of 7 reserves.
Coaches may make substitutions during stoppages in play.

Playmaker: Key player for organizing attacks and defending against rival plays.
- Example Players: Ricky Rubio, Elisa Aguilar
Shooting Guard: Proficient in scoring, playing at both ends.
- Example Players: Juan Carlos Navarro, Laia Palau
Small Forward: Versatile player, strong in scoring and rebounding.
- Example Players: Rudy Fernández, Amaya Valdemoro
Power Forward: Strong player who plays back to the basket but can also shoot from distance.
- Example Players: Pau Gasol, Ana Montañana
Center: Tallest player, contributes mainly near the basket both offensively and defensively.
- Example Players: Marc Gasol, Cyndi Lima

3 Seconds: Attacking players cannot stay in the restricted area for more than 3 seconds without the ball.
24 Seconds: Teams have 24 seconds to shoot after gaining possession of the ball.
5 Seconds: A player cannot hold the ball for more than 5 seconds without passing, dribbling, or shooting.
8 Seconds: The team must get the ball past midfield within 8 seconds.

Steps: Taking more than two steps without dribbling.
Foot: Touching the ball with the feet or striking it with a fist.
Doubles: Catching the ball with both hands and returning it.
Backfield: Moving backward into the defensive half after crossing midfield.
Out of Bounds: Ball is out of play when touching the boundary lines or going out of the field.

Non-Shooting Foul: Contact with an opponent not while attempting to score penalizes the foul-doer.
Shooting Foul: If a player is fouled during a shot attempt, they receive free throws.
- 1 free throw for a regular shot, 2 for two-point attempts, and 3 for three-point attempts.
Players who commit 5 fouls are disqualified from the game.
Teams incur penalty free throws after committing 5 fouls in a quarter.

Chest Pass: Two-handed pass from chest height.
Bounce Pass: Ball bounces before reaching the teammate, used to evade defenders.
Baseball Pass: Long pass thrown one-handed over the head.
Behind-the-Back Pass: Done with one hand to surprise defenders.
Overhead Pass: Passed with both hands, commonly to center players.

Free Throw: Static shot similar to a jump shot, performed without lifting feet.
Hook Shot: One-handed shot released from an extended arm position.

Standard Dribble: Protecting the ball under pressure while moving.
Variations: Changing hands under the body, between legs, changing rhythm and direction.

Pivot: Legal movement allowing a player to retain possession by moving one foot while keeping the other stationary to evade defenders and find passing options.