SA theme 2 1960-68:

Resistance to apartheid and gov reaction 1960-61

Sharpeville 21 march 1960-69 shot and killed -70% of dead shot in the back,20k protestors

State of emergencey-30th march 1960-10k arrested

Unlawful organisations act 1960-ANC/PAC banned

British anti-aparthied movement (AAM) formed in 1960

General laws amendment act 1961-63-Nintey day act,Sobukwe clause

Move to armed struggle: “make south africa ungovernable”

Poqo-1961-PAC

targeted whites and black govenment collaberators

Paarl 1962- 2 whites killed by large crowd

Transkei 1963- white family killed

MK-1961-ANC

200 attacks 61-64

African ressitance movement (ARM)- 1961

Rebupblic creation-

Macmilliam wind of change speech-frosty reception

Oct 1960-referendum on becoming republic -52% support

march 1961-became republic,as well as leaving common wealth

1962-UN resoluation to ban imports and exports

Vorster:1961-66-assinated

security police,spies informers

invested in secret police

By 1970 its a police state

Bantu laws ammendment act 1964-removal of black south africans from white areas

Rhoedesia-Ian smith PM,neighboured sa

Rivionia trial 1963:

Mandela already in jail

Police riaded lilliesleaf farm-found incriminating evidance,

accused of violent revolution

mandela 4 hr speech

life inprisonment for all found guilty

US,UK and USSR all called for clemency