Sustainable Development goals

Syalabus:

purpose of, and progress towards, the following five United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

  1. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture (Goal 2)

  2. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages (Goal 3)

  3. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all (Goal 4)

  4. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls (Goal 5)

  5. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all (Goal 6)

(WORD FOR WORD TO KNOW)


GOAL 2:

The purpose of sustainable development goal 2 is to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030

It aims to make sure everyone, everywhere, has enough safe, nutritious food all year round, while protecting the environment and supporting famers.

Key targets of goal 2:

  • End hunger and ensure access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food for all

  • End all form of malnutrition, particularly under 5

  • Double agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers

  • Ensure sustainable food production systems (reduce waste, conserve ecosystems)

  • Maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, plants and animals.


Progress of this goal 2:

Statistics:

  • Little to no progress has been made in reducing anemia (food insecurity increases risk of anemia) worldwide since 2000

  • More than 600 million people worldwide are projected to face hunger in 2030

  • High food prices continue to plague many nations

  • 1 in 3 people struggle with moderate to severe food insecurity

  • 45 million children’s have wasting, 37 million children are overweight

In general:

  • Global hunger and food insecurity have declined in recent years, but progress has been uneven, which means e haven’t put sustainable initiatives in

  • Global progress on child malnutrition is slowing, with signs of reversal

  • Anemia and inadequate diet diversity remain major barriers to global nutrition goals for women and children

  • Global agricultural investment reaches record highs, but the sector remains underfunded

  • Pressure ease for global food prices, but they remain triple pre-pandemic levels


GOAL 3:

The purpose of sustainable development goal 3 is to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at ages by 2030

It recognizes that good health is essential for sustainable development because people can only study, work, and contribute to society if they are healthy

Kept targets of goal 3:

  • Reduce maternal mortality and end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5

  • End epidemic of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases

  • Promote mental health and well-being

  • Reduce non-communicable diseases (like heart disease, diabetes, cancer) through prevention and treatment

  • Ensure universal health coverage (affordable healthcare for everyone)

  • Reduce road traffic accidents and deaths

  • Ensure access to essential medicines and vaccines for all


Progress of goal 3:

Statistics:

  • 14% decline in maternal mortality rate

  • 16% drop in under 5 mortality rate

In general:

  • Global maternal deaths have fall slights, but progress stalls in high burden countries (HDI is low)

  • Under 5 mortality rate reveals significant gaps among the regions

  • The global fight against infectious diseases show ritical gains, though global targets remain out of reach'

  • Non-communicable diseases cause more than half the deaths for people under aged 70

  • Global tobacco and alcohol use is declining, but still causes immense health, economic and environmental burdens

  • More women use modern methods of contraception, fewer adolescents give birth.


GOAL 4:

The purpose of sustainable development goal 4 is to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all by 2030.

Recognizes that education is the foundation for breaking the cycle of poverty and is essential for building fair, sustainable and peaceful societies

Key targets of goal 4:

  • Ensure all children complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education

  • Ensure access to quality early childhood development and pre-primary education

  • Ensure equal access to affordable technical, vocational, and higher education

  • Eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure access for vulnerable groups

  • Increase the supply of qualified teachers

  • Promote skill work work, entrepreneurship and sustainable development

  • Ensure that all youth and large proportion of adults achieve literacy and numeracy.


Progress to goal 4:

Statistics:

  • More than 109 million children entered school since 2015

  • 272 million still out of school in 2023

In general:

  • Most countries are off track to meet education targets for access, completion and learning outcomes

  • Internet use is common for higher-income countries, but many lack basic digital skills

  • Progress in early childhood education is limited and uneven across regions

  • Gender disparities in education persist

  • Steady progress in global literacy, but regional disparities persist.


GOAL 5:

The purpose for sustainable development goal 5 is to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls by 2030

It recognizes that women make up half the world’s population, and societies cannot fully progress when women and girls are denied equal rights, opportunities and representation

Key targets of goal 5:

  • End all forms of discrimination against women and girls everywhere

  • Eliminate violence against women, including trafficking and sexual exploitation

  • End child marriage and female genital mutilation

  • Ensure equal participation in leadership roles in political, economic, and public health

  • Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work

  • Ensure equal rights to education, healthcare, property ownership and financial resources

  • Promote reproductive health and rights for all women


Progress towards goal 5:

Statistics:

  • Women held 27.5% of national parliament seats in January 2025.

In general:

  • Continuing legal reforms show progress, but gaps remain in all areas

  • Despite progress in certain countries, child marriage and female genital mutilation remains a reality

  • Gender inequality in land ownership and weak legal protection re persistent barriers to women’s empowerment

  • Time-use data reveal persistent gender roles and unequal distribution of care and domestic chores

  • Million of women lack full decision-making power over their sexual and reproductive health


GOAL 6:

The purpose of sustainable develop goal 6 is to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all by 2030

It recognizes that clean water and proper sanitation are essential for health, dignity and sustainable development. Without them, poverty reduction, education and health improvements cannot be achieved

Key targets of goal 6:

  • Achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water

  • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all

  • Improve water quality by reducing pollution, chemical and waste

  • Increase water-use efficiency and reduce scarcity

  • Protect and restore water-related ecosystems

  • Support local communities in water and sanitation management


Progress for goal 6:

  • Global water and sanitation access improves, but billions remain underserved

  • Water-use efficiency improves globally, but regional gaps persist

  • Proven benefits of transboundary water cooperation need wider implementation

  • Freshwater ecosystems are under pressure despite improved monitoring

  • Slow progress for integrated water resources management, with insufficient financing a major barrier