Hip Joint Anatomy (2)

Hip Joint Ligaments

• The hip joint has several ligaments that hold it together.

• The last ligament is located deep inside the joint.

• The femoral head is located on the femur.

• The socket that the femoral head goes into on the pelvic bones is called the acetabulum.

• Ligamentum teres (ligament of the head of the femur):

  • Located inside the acetabulum.

  • Goes from the tip of the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

• Main Ligaments:

  • Iliofemoral: on the superior surface.

  • Pubofemoral: on the anterior side.

  • Ischiofemoral: on the posterior side.

  • Ligamentum teres: inside the joint socket.

Hip Joint Movements and Muscles

• Hip joint directional movements:

  • Flexion: Moving the hip forward.

  • Abduction: Moving the hip away from the midline.

  • Adduction: Moving the hip towards the midline.

Muscles and Movement

• Muscles are responsible for movement.

• The direction of movement helps determine which muscles are involved.

Hip Flexion

• Hip flexors and quad muscles are involved in hip flexion.

• Iliopsoas muscle complex:

  • A combination of three different muscles that come together into one tendon.

  • Iliacus muscle:

    • Originates on the inside of the ilium bone.

  • Psoas major and psoas minor muscles:

    • Originate on the spinous processes of the lumbar spine.

    • Wrap around and come inside the hip ilium bone.

    • Join together with the iliacus.

    • Insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

  • Contraction of these muscles pulls the femur into hip flexion.

• Quad muscles:

  • Sartorius.

  • Rectus femoris.

  • These muscles contract and shorten to pull the hip into flexion.

Hip Extension

• Hamstring muscles:

  • Originate on the ischial tuberosity.

  • Insert below the knee joint on the posterior side of the tibial plateau and fibular head.

  • Contract to extend the hip.

• Glute muscles:

  • Gluteus maximus.

  • Gluteus medius.

  • Gluteus minimus.

  • Gluteus medius origin is on the red region of the model.

  • Gluteus minimus origin is on the red region of the model.

  • Gluteus maximus is on top and has several different origin spots.

  • Gluteus maximus assists with hip extension and external rotation.

  • Gluteus maximus comes down to the lateral side of the femur and joins into the IT band.

• Tensor fascia lata (TFL):

  • Originates on the anterior side of the hip.

  • TFL and gluteus maximus join together laterally over the greater trochanter and turn into the IT band.

  • TFL helps with abduction and a little bit of flexion.

  • Gluteus maximus helps with abduction, extension, and a little bit of external rotation.

Hip Adduction

• Adductor muscles are located on the inner thigh (groin muscles).

• Five major adductor muscles:

  • Gracilis muscle.

  • Adductor magnus.

  • Adductor longus.

  • Adductor brevis.

  • Pectineus: helps with internal rotation more than adduction.

Pelvic Bone Regions

• Ilium: The very forward part of the socket.

• Pubis: From the ileum down to about halfway through the loop.

• Ischium: Halfway on the socket down to about halfway on the loop, on the backside.