Cultural In Nursing 330

Overview of US Census 2020 Population Statistics

  • Total Population Growth

    • 2010: Approximately 308 million

    • 2020: Approximately 331 million

  • Demographics

    • Foreign born population: 13.6%

    • Speak a language other than English: 21%

    • Significant diversity in the populace, as nearly a quarter speak other languages.

  • Socioeconomic Indicators

    • Poverty rate: 11.4%

    • Educational attainment: 36.2% have a bachelor’s degree or higher

Regional Diversity

  • Maryland and DC

    • Maryland: 63.7% diversity

    • Washington D.C.: 67.2% diversity

  • Mid Atlantic Region

    • Highly diverse population

    • Comparison to Texas and California, also high in diversity

    • Dark green regions: more than 65% diversity - considered the best type of diversity.

Racial Demographics Over Time

  • Trend Analysis, 2010 vs. 2018

    • Visualization of racial demographics,

    • White Population: Decreased

    • Other Racial Groups: Increased

Immigration Patterns by State

  • Maryland Foreign Born Population: 16.28%

    • Indicates higher numbers of people moving to the state than being born there.

Breakdown of Asian and Pacific Islander Populations

  • Percent Increase in Asian Groups: Comparison from 2013 to 2023 shown with bar graphs.

  • Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders: Similar upward trend in numbers.

Cultural Competence in Nursing

  • Importance of understanding diverse backgrounds in patient care.

  • Transcultural Nursing Framework:

    • Cultural Destructiveness: Oppression of cultural differences.

    • Cultural Incapacity: Lack of awareness of cultural diversity.

    • Cultural Blindness: Ignoring cultural differences.

    • Basic Cultural Competence: Recognition of the importance of cultural diversity.

    • Proficient Cultural Competence: Mastery of skills and knowledge to work with diverse populations.

Understanding Culture

  • Definition and Development

    • Culture learned and passed through families;

    • Shapes values, beliefs, and behaviors concerning health and care practices.

  • Cultural Diversity: Coexistence of various ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groups.

    • Includes religion, language, size, sexual orientation, etc.

Social and Cultural Influences on Health

  • Culture affects healthcare practices including:

    • Perceptions of illness and healthcare.

    • Reactions to pain (e.g., pain tolerance varies).

    • Attitudes towards mental health and stigma involved.

    • Family structure (multigenerational living arrangements).

  • Socioeconomic Factors: Influence health outcomes and access to healthcare.

The Dominant vs. Minority Groups

  • Dominant Group:

    • Individuals or groups that have more power, authority, and control societal norms.

  • Minority Group:

    • Smaller groups identified by distinct physical or cultural characteristics.

  • Subcultures: Groups within a larger culture (e.g., nursing as a subculture).

Ethnicity and Race

  • Ethnicity: Identification within a cultural group based on common heritage.

  • Race: Based on observable traits (e.g., skin color, body structure).

    • 5 Major Categories when filling out demographic info:

    1. American Indian or Alaska Native

    2. Asian

    3. Black or African American

    4. Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander

    5. White

Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity

  • Importance of recognizing cultural differences.

  • Avoiding assumptions about patients based on appearance or background.

  • Engaging in discussions about cultural identities and practices.

Cultural Competence in Health Care

  • Understanding cultural influences on health care, behaviors, and choices.

  • Cultural Humility: Recognizing and respecting diverse beliefs and practices.

  • Cultural Assessment: Patient-centered inquiries to learn about patient backgrounds.

Challenges and Barriers in Cultural Competence

  • Implicit bias and stereotyping in patient care:

    • Cultural Blindness and Cultural Imposition: Assuming one’s culture is superior.

    • Cultural Conflict: Navigating discomfort in discussing cultural differences.

Communication Barriers in Healthcare

  • Language Barriers: Necessity for interpreters in patient care.

  • Nonverbal Communication: Importance of understanding eye contact, space, and silence norms.

Theoretical Models in Cultural Competence

  • Leininger’s Sunrise Model: Factors affecting health beliefs and practices (economic, technological, social factors).

  • The Cornell Model: Framework for understanding cultural concepts related to health and behaviors.

Applications of Cultural Competence in Practice

  • Patient Care: Consideration for dietary preferences, health beliefs, and family dynamics.

  • Cultural Ethical Responsibilities: Providing equitable care without assumptions, respecting autonomy, and delivering culturally sensitive care.