upper appendage bones

Overview of Skeletal Anatomy

Upper Bones

  • Focus on the head and neck region, appendicular skeleton.

Axial vs Appendicular Skeleton

  • Axial Skeleton:

    • Skull: 22 bones

    • Auditory ossicles: 6 bones

    • Hyoid: 1 bone

    • Sternum: 1 bone

    • Ribs: 24 bones

    • Vertebrae: 24 bones

    • Sacrum: 1 bone

    • Coccyx: 1 bone

    • Total: 80 bones

  • Appendicular Skeleton:

    • Clavicle: 2 bones

    • Scapula: 2 bones

    • Humerus: 2 bones

    • Radius: 2 bones

    • Ulna: 2 bones

    • Carpals: 16 bones

    • Metacarpals: 10 bones

    • Digits: 28 bones

    • Total: 126 bones

  • Total bones in body: 206 bones

Detailed Anatomy of Specific Bones

  • Scapula Anatomy:

    • Posterior and anterior views

    • Features: Acromion, coracoid process, medial border

  • Clavicle:

    • Sternal end is more rounded than acromial end.

  • Humerus:

    • Proximal End: Head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, deltoid tuberosity.

    • Distal End: Capitulum, trochlea, medical/lateral epicondyles.

    • Fossa distinctions: Coronoid fossa vs olecranon fossa.

  • Radius and Ulna:

    • Palpation points for olecranon, trochlear notch, radial tuberosity.

Carpal and Metacarpal Anatomy

  • Carpals:

    • Key bones: Hamate has a hook; trapezium aligns with the thumb.

  • Metacarpals & Digits:

    • Capitate bone pivots with metacarpal.

    • Understand overall structure of back of the hand.