Types of Communication

Types of Communication

  1. Formal type
  2. Informal type

FORMAL TYPE

  • In this type of communication, the information is transmitted with the use of predefined channels or routes.
    • Classroom Lectures
    • Speeches
    • Meeting Presentations

INFORMAL TYPES

  • It is sharing of information with friends or peers which has no foundation like formal communication.

    Types of Oral Communication Activities

    1. One-on-One Speaking: This is where students are asked to discuss or simply explain some questions or problems with the person next to them to formal student conferences with their instructor.
    2. Small Group or Team Based Oral Work: This is a smaller-scale setting of discussion, deliberation and problem solving.
    3. Full Class Discussion: This type is typically less argument-based, and competitive than debate and deliberation but still dialogical in character
    4. In-Class Debates and Deliberations: Debates typically involve participants who argue one side throughout, while deliberation allows for  movement by individuals within the process.
    5. Speeches and Presentations: This type of oral communication activity is the stand-up podium speech delivered by an individual from an outline or a script. It also includes group presentations or impromptu speaking.
    6. Oral Examinations: It ranges from one oral question to written exam to an oral defense of a written answer or paper to an entirely oral quiz or examination.

    Types of Speech Context

  • INTRAPERSONAL

  • INTERPERSONAL

    • Dyad
    • Small group

  • PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

  • MASS MEDIA

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

  • refers to communication that centers on one person where the speaker acts both as the sender and the receiver.
  • self-talk-internal dialogue with oneself

Examples: 

  • Meditation
  • reflecting/ contemplating and analyzing something
  • thinking of surprising someone

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

  • BETWEEN AND AMONG PEOPLE - Normally, it includes two individuals, and it can vary from casual and very personal to formal and impersonal communication.

  • dyad communication

    • means two
    • more intimate
    • direct and vocal
    • gives immediate response

  • small group

    • 3 –12 members

PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

  • refers to communication that requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a group.
  • heart of the economy, society and politics.

Examples: 

  • graduation speeches
  • public speaking contests (e.g. debate or oratorical contests)
  • Virtual graduation (new normal or any virtual event that involves many people)

MASS MEDIA COMMUNICATION

  • refers to communication that takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, internet and other types of media.
    • e.g. student journalist, admin in fb page, or any social media platform. 
  • It has a wide range of audiences like television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, the internet and other types of media.

Types of Speech According to Purpose

INFORMATIVE SPEECH

  • This kind of speech provides knowledge, especially interesting information.
  • As a speaker, your aim is to help the audience understand the topic to allow them to make an educated choice or decision.
  • To prepare for this type of speech, you need to have descriptions and definitions, as well as adequate visual aids.

Examples: 

  • Reports
  • Lectures
  • Demonstrations \n

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

  • The aim of this speech is to convince the audience to change their views or beliefs.

  • As speaker, you can  make use of three models of persuasion: pathos, ethos, logos.

  • They can be categorized according to topic or purpose.

    \n

INSPIRING SPEECH

  • It is an emotionally charged event designed to inspire the audience through the speaker’s stories, thoughts, and ideas.
  • The goal is not only to motivate the audience but also to inspire them with hope and new ideas that can lead them towards change.

INSTRUCTIVE  SPEECH

  • In this speech, you will instruct the audience on how to do something. It is a “how speech.”
  • For this you need to give a detailed demonstration of some process.

Types of Speech According to Delivery

IMPROMPTU

is when you are asked to speak on the spot. You do not know ahead of time that you will be speaking before a group.

  1. Meetings where you give suggestions
  2. Ambush Interviews
  3.  Class Recitation
  4. Q and A Portion

  • DESCRIPTION:

    • Speaking without advance preparation
    • Unrehearsed speech
    • Spoken conversationally

  • SPEAKING SITUATIONS:

    • In an event where you are asked to say few words
    • During interview

    \n

EXTEMPORANEOUS

gives you an opportunity to prepare. You occasionally refer to your outline or brief notes. In a contest, the contestants are given 4-5 minutes to prepare.

  • Contest

  • DESCRIPTION:

    • Speaking with limited person•Guided by notes or outline
    • Delivered conversationally
    • Most popular type

  • SPEAKING SITUATIONS:

    • Campaign
    • Report
    • Contest

  • TIPS:

    • Create an outline
    • Organize points logically
    • Manage time well
    • Rehearse

    \n

MANUSCRIPT - is delivering a speech from a text written word for word. This is an advantage for people who want to practice in advance the delivery of their speech.

  • SONA
  • Graduation Speech

DESCRIPTION

  • :Speaking with advance preparation
  • Planned and rehearsed
  • Reading a loud a written message

SPEAKING SITUATIONS:

  • News casting with a Teleprompter
  • Reading the court verdict
  • Reading rules and criteria in a contest

TIPS:

  • Rehearse the speech over and over until you sound natural.

    \n \n

MEMORIZED

  • is delivering a speech that is recalled verbatim from a text.
    • Stage Play
    • Declamation Contest
    • Actors reciting from memorized script
  • DESCRIPTION:
    • Speaking with advance preparation
    • Planned and rehearsed speech
    • Reciting a written message word-for-word from memory
  • SPEAKING SITUATIONS:
    • When you perform a stage play
    • When you deliver a speech in a contest
  • TIPS:
    • Rehearse the speech over and over until you sound natural and confident.

Types of Speech Style

What is Style? It is a way of expressing something.

FROZEN

It is intended to be remembered and to be used in very formal settings such as church ritual, speech for the airline’s welcome message etc.

  • Marriage Ceremony

  • Allegiance to the country 

  • Prayer

    \n

FORMAL

A straightforward speech

-This style is often used in following formal situations where there is only one-way communication: speech, newscast, announcements etc.

-Proper enunciation of words, diction, and grammar rules should be applied properly. Ideas are presented clearly and cohesively.

  • Sermons

  • Graduation speeches

  • Announcement from school

  • News Reporting

    \n

CONSULTATIVE

It is used in semi-formal communication. A style that shows our norm for coming to term with strangers who speak our language but whose personal stock of information may be different. Used in negotiating with the strangers or work colleague.

  • Teachers and students

  • Employer and employee

  • Doctor and patients

    \n

CASUAL OR INFORMAL

It is common among peers and friends. It is free and easy participation from both speaker and listener. The diction or vocabulary to be used is informal or colloquial.

  • Hey guys! - Internet Friends

  • Lemme go - tweets

  • Wass up!? - Personal emails

  • Kinda - blogs

    \n

INTIMATE

It is used in conversations between people who are close. Language used is not public. It is also free and easy participation.

  • conversation between husband and wife
  • best friends having a heart-to-heart talk
  •  boyfriend and girlfriend