Biology (AQA)

CELLS:

basic facts and notes;

• cells can either be prokaryotic or eukaryotic

  eukaryotic cells: complex cells, animal, plant and fungi cells come under the eukaryotic cell umbrella

  prokaryotic cells: small and simple cells, bacteria cells come under the prokaryotic umbrella

• eukaryotes are organisms made up of eukaryotic cells

• a prokaryote is a single celled organism (prokaryotic cells)

• different parts of a cell are called subcellular structures

animal cells contain:

• the nucleus (contains DNA which controlls the cells activites)

• the cytoplasm (a gel substance where most chemical reactions happens)

• cell membrane (holds cell together, controlls what goes in and out the cell)

• mitochondria (where most aerobic reactions take place/ resporation transfers the energy for the cell to work)

• ribosomes (where protines are made in the cell)

plant cells contain:

• all the same stuff animal cells do

• rigid cell wall (made of cellilose and stregnthens the cell)

• permanent vacuole (contains the cells sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salts)

• chloroplasts (where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the plant, contains chlorophyll needed for absorbing light for photosynthesis)

bacteria cells contain:

• cell membrane

• cell wall

• cytoplasm

• small rings of dna

CELL DIFFERENTIATON & SPECIALISATION:

cells differentiate to become specialised:

• differentiation the proccess where cells change to become specialised for its job