Principles of Medical Laboratory Science Notes

History of Medical Technology Profession

  • Early Beginning

    • Hippocrates
      • Father of Medicine
      • “Hippocratic Oath”
      • 4 Humors (Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, Black Bile)
    • Vivian Herrick - 1500BC: identified intestinal parasites such as taenia
    • Ebers Papyrus - Book of Treatment
    • Ruth Williams - (medieval period) testing of urine
    • Anne Fagelson - 14th century
    • Alessandra Gilliani (University of Bologna) - nosocomial diseases

  • Development of Medical Technology

    • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek - 1632; microscope, RBC, and protozoans
    • Malphigi - greatest and earliest microscopist
    • Rudolph Virchow
    • Herman Fehling - Fehling’s reagent (1848) which is a quantitative test for urine sugar

  • History of Medical Technology in the U.S.

    • 19th century - the immergence of first clinical lab
    • 1878 - first lab course in pathology
    • 1896 - John Hopkins Hospital; Dr. William Osler first clinical lab
    • 1915 - State Legislature of Pennsylvania required all hospitals to have a laboratory (Univ. of Minnesota as the first lab training school)
    • 1936 - American Board of Pathology
    • 1908 - Dr. James O. Todd
    • “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” retitled “Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods” 19th ed

History of Medical Technology in The Philippines

  • Sept. 1945 - 26th Med. Lab of the US (Sta. Cruz, Manila) now as Public Health Laboratory after World War

  • 1945 - endorsed to the National Department of Health

    • Dr. Pio de Roda & Dr. Mariano Icasiano –- organized the lab
    • Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana - train the individual to lab training syllabus that will last for 6 months

  • 1954 - Philippine Union of College (PUC) of Caloocan, Rizal

    • Dr. Jesse Umali - (OB-GYNE) first graduate of MT; Omega lab owner
    • Dr. Antonio Gabriel & Dr. Gustavo Reyes - ordered MT as an elective course in UST for their Pharmacy students (4th yr & 5th year)
    • Rev. Father Lorenzo Rodriguez - pulled out MT in pharmacy in UST
      • June 17, 1957 - temporary permit for operating (1st to 3rd yr)
      • June 1960 - permit for internship (4th yr)
      • June 14, 1961 - full recognition

Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology & Public Health (PASMETH)

  • National organization of schools of MT (1970) to maintain the highest standard of med. tech / public health in the PH

  • First org. meeting (UST)

  • June 22, 1970’

  • Officials

    • Pres: Dr. Gustavo Reyes
    • Vice-President: Dr. Serafin Juliano
    • Sec.: Dr. Velia Trinidad
    • P.R.O: Dr. Faustino Sunico

  • Presidents

    1. Dr. Ibarra Panopio
    2. Dr. Angelita G. Adeva
    3. Dr. Elizabeth M. de Rio
    4. Dr. Gustavo Reyes
    5. Dr. Claro D. Cabrera
    6. Dr. Nroma V. Lerma
    7. Dr, Vicencio Torres
    8. Prof. Nardito Moraleta
    9. Dean Norma N. Chang
    10. Prof. Rodolfo B. Rabor

  • PASMETH accomplishments

    • recognition of MT as profession (RA 5522 of act of 1969)
    • continuing of professional education for MT faculty
    • preparation of a standard curriculum for BSMT schools
    • preparation of standard course syllabi for professional subjects in MT
    • scholarship grants for MT students
    • outreach
    • accreditation as CPE (Continuing Professional Education) provider for MT

Philippine Association of Medical Technologist (PAMET)

  • National organization of all registered medical technologists in the PH

  • Presidents

    1. Mr. Charlemagne Tamondong
    2. Mr. Nardito Moraleta
    3. Mr. Felix Asprer
    4. Mr. Bernardo Tabaosares
    5. Ms. Angelina Jose
    6. Ms. Venerable C.V. Ora
    7. Ms. Carmencita D, Acedera
    8. Ms. Marilyn Atienza
    9. Dean Norma Chang
    10. Ms. Agnes Meaenilla
    11. Ms. Shirley Cruzada
    12. Ms. Leila Lany M. Florento
    13. Romeo Joseph J. Ignacio
    14. Rolando E. Puno

Human Existence and Ethics

  • Ethics

    • moral code that guides how an individual should behave
    • branch of knowledge; deals with moral principles
    • individual’s search for meaning while dealing with human problems which may be
      • logical (problems of universe)
      • epistemological (problems of the truth)
      • cosmological (problems of the universe)
      • ethical (problems of morality)
      • aesthetical (problems of art and beauty)
      • scientific problems (problems of science)

  • School of Ethics

    • ethics - deals with a diverse prescription of universal concepts and principles that serve as foundation of moral beliefs
    • ethical relativism - no such universal or absolute ethical principle that would apply to all

  • Donal Harrington

    • morality perspectives:
      • as a law
      • as an inner conviction
      • as love
      • as personal growth
      • as social transformation

  • James Gustafon (1974)

    • Ethics
      • Theoretical prescriptions/critiques
        • The nature of the good
        • The nature of human person
        • Criteria of judgment
    • Morality
      • Based on principles practiced by a particular community
      • Fundamental convictions of human agent
      • Character of moral agent
      • Use of norms
      • Situational analysis

  • Ethical Relativism

    • moral relativism
    • school of ethics anchored on the principle that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture
    • theory based on norms relative to a particular culture or society
    • acknowledges societal diversity
    • every society has a unique moral design and culture
    • people's beliefs are greatly influenced by culture
    • the challenge to each society is the preservation of its cultural uniqueness and acknowledgment of cultural differences

  • Ethical Pragmatism

    • Pragmatics
      • is a philosophical approach or movement that began in the 1870s
      • coined by Charles Sanders Peirce
      • further developed by William James
      • considered as America's most distinctive and major contribution to the field of philosophy
      • more of a theory on knowledge, truth, and meaning rather than morality

  • Ethical Utilitarianism

    • founded by two English Philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
    • states that the rightness or wrongness of actions is determined by their consequences