Lab Practicum Preparation Guide

Lab Practicum

• The practicum will consist of 10 stations.

• Each station will have two questions.

• Each question is worth 1 point.

• The total possible score is 20 points.

• All questions will be in a multiple-choice format.

Topics to be Covered

• Phases of mitotic cell division and the important events happening in each phase.

• Cell transport, focusing on passive transport (diffusion & osmosis).

  • Include the hard-boiled eggs activity from chapter 5.

• Anatomy and physiology of the ear.

  • Different types of deafness.

• Reflex arc physiology and Babinski’s sign.

• Spirometry (respiratory volumes and capacities).

• Blood typing (hand-out).

• ECG.

• Urinalysis lab (dipstick).

• Blood pressure and heart sounds.

• Rinne and Weber tests.

Lab Practicum

• The practicum will consist of 10 stations, each designed to assess your understanding of key concepts and techniques covered in the lab.

• Each station will have two questions, requiring you to apply your knowledge to specific scenarios or interpret experimental results.

• Each question is worth 1 point, contributing to your overall score.

• The total possible score is 20 points, reflecting the comprehensive nature of the practicum.

• All questions will be in a multiple-choice format, ensuring clarity and consistency in assessment.

Topics to be Covered

• Phases of mitotic cell division and the important events happening in each phase.

  • Mitosis: Prophase (chromosome condensation, spindle formation), Metaphase (chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate), Anaphase (sister chromatid separation), Telophase (chromosome decondensation, nuclear envelope reformation).

  • Key Events: Chromosome segregation, spindle fiber attachment, cytokinesis initiation.

• Cell transport, focusing on passive transport (diffusion & osmosis).

  • Diffusion: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

  • Factors affecting diffusion rate: temperature, concentration gradient, molecular size.

  • Osmosis: Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration.

  • Tonicity: Hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions and their effects on cells.

  • Include the hard-boiled eggs activity from chapter 5.

  • Demonstrates osmosis and the movement of water in response to solute concentration gradients.

• Anatomy and physiology of the ear.

  • Outer Ear: Pinna, auditory canal.

  • Middle Ear: Tympanic membrane, ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes).

  • Inner Ear: Cochlea (organ of Corti), semicircular canals.

  • Different types of deafness.

  • Conductive Deafness: Issues with sound transmission in the outer or middle ear.

  • Sensorineural Deafness: Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

• Reflex arc physiology and Babinski’s sign.

  • Reflex Arc: Sensory receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector organ.

  • Babinski’s Sign: Dorsiflexion of the big toe and fanning of other toes, indicative of upper motor neuron damage in adults.

• Spirometry (respiratory volumes and capacities).

  • Respiratory Volumes: Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume.

  • Respiratory Capacities: Vital capacity, total lung capacity, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity.

• Blood typing (hand-out).

  • ABO System: A, B, AB, and O blood types.

  • Rh Factor: Positive or negative.

  • Agglutination: Reaction between antigens and antibodies.

• ECG.

  • P Wave: Atrial depolarization.

  • QRS Complex: Ventricular depolarization.

  • T Wave: Ventricular repolarization.

• Urinalysis lab (dipstick).

  • Parameters: pH, specific gravity, glucose, protein, ketones, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, leukocytes.

• Blood pressure and heart sounds.

  • Blood Pressure: Systolic and diastolic pressure.

  • Heart Sounds: S1 (closure of AV valves), S2 (closure of semilunar valves).

• Rinne and Weber tests.

  • Rinne Test: Compares air conduction to bone conduction.

  • Weber Test: Determines lateralization of sound in cases of unilateral hearing loss.

Lab Practicum

• The practicum will consist of 10 stations.

• Each station will have two questions.

• Each question is worth 1 point.

• The total possible score is 20 points.

• All questions will be in a multiple-choice format.

Topics to be Covered

• Phases of mitotic cell division and the important events happening in each phase.

• Cell transport, focusing on passive transport (diffusion & osmosis).

  • Include the hard-boiled eggs activity from chapter 5.

• Anatomy and physiology of the ear.

  • Different types of deafness.

• Reflex arc physiology and Babinski’s sign.

• Spirometry (respiratory volumes and capacities).

• Blood typing (hand-out).

• ECG.

• Urinalysis lab (dipstick).

• Blood pressure and heart sounds.

• Rinne and Weber tests.

Lab Practicum

• The practicum will consist of 10 stations, each designed to assess your understanding of key concepts and techniques covered in the lab.

• Each station will have two questions, requiring you to apply your knowledge to specific scenarios or interpret experimental results.

• Each question is worth 1 point, contributing to your overall score.

• The total possible score is 20 points, reflecting the comprehensive nature of the practicum.

• All questions will be in a multiple-choice format, ensuring clarity and consistency in assessment.

Topics to be Covered

• Phases of mitotic cell division and the important events happening in each phase.

  • Mitosis: Prophase (chromosome condensation, spindle formation), Metaphase (chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate), Anaphase (sister chromatid separation), Telophase (chromosome decondensation, nuclear envelope reformation).

  • Key Events: Chromosome segregation, spindle fiber attachment, cytokinesis initiation.

• Cell transport, focusing on passive transport (diffusion & osmosis).

  • Diffusion: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

  • Factors affecting diffusion rate: temperature, concentration gradient, molecular size.

  • Osmosis: Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration.

  • Tonicity: Hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions and their effects on cells.

  • Include the hard-boiled eggs activity from chapter 5.

  • Demonstrates osmosis and the movement of water in response to solute concentration gradients.

• Anatomy and physiology of the ear.

  • Outer Ear: Pinna, auditory canal.

  • Middle Ear: Tympanic membrane, ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes).

  • Inner Ear: Cochlea (organ of Corti), semicircular canals.

  • Different types of deafness.

  • Conductive Deafness: Issues with sound transmission in the outer or middle ear.

  • Sensorineural Deafness: Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

• Reflex arc physiology and Babinski’s sign.

  • Reflex Arc: Sensory receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector organ.

  • Babinski’s Sign: Dorsiflexion of the big toe and fanning of other toes, indicative of upper motor neuron damage in adults.

• Spirometry (respiratory volumes and capacities).

  • Respiratory Volumes: Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume.

  • Respiratory Capacities: Vital capacity, total lung capacity, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity.

• Blood typing (hand-out).

  • ABO System: A, B, AB, and O blood types.

  • Rh Factor: Positive or negative.

  • Agglutination: Reaction between antigens and antibodies.

• ECG.

  • P Wave: Atrial depolarization.

  • QRS Complex: Ventricular depolarization.

  • T Wave: Ventricular repolarization.

• Urinalysis lab (dipstick).

  • Parameters: pH, specific gravity, glucose, protein, ketones, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, leukocytes.

• Blood pressure and heart sounds.

  • Blood Pressure: Systolic and diastolic pressure.

  • Heart Sounds: S1 (closure of AV valves), S2 (closure of semilunar valves).

• Rinne and Weber tests.

  • Rinne Test: Compares air conduction to bone conduction.

  • Weber Test: Determines lateralization of sound in cases of unilateral hearing loss.