Community Nutrition Level 200 Quiz Notes
DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES
Basic Anatomy/Physiology II Quiz (CMN 202/204) - June 2024
- Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement(s):
Anatomy of the Endocrine System
The posterior pituitary is also known as the neurohypophysis.
The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the isthmus.
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
The inferior constricted portion of the uterus is called the cervix.
The point where the uterine cavity opens into the vagina is called the external os.
The space within the uterus is called the uterine cavity.
The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus.
The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the cortex.
The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the medulla.
Nephrons located close to the medulla with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal pyramids are called juxtamedullary nephrons.
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
The anterior nares open into the right and left nasal cavities.
The right and left lungs are soft and spongy organs lying in the corresponding halves of the thoracic cavity, enclosed in a sac called pleura.
The adenohypophysis releases the trophic hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which has its effect on the adrenal cortex.
The common bile duct joins the ** pancreatic duct** to form the common hepatopancreatic duct.
Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.
The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the epiglottis.
The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the pharynx.
Urine is carried from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by the urethra.
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
Nephrons located close to the medulla with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal pyramids are called juxtamedullary nephrons (repeated).
The primary male gonad is also called a testis.
The inguinal canal is a narrow opening that links the scrotal chamber with the peritoneal cavity.
The dartos muscle is a layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac.
Sperm cells are produced by the process of spermatogenesis.
The head is the part of the sperm that contains the chromosomes.
The funnel-shaped end of the uterine tube is called the infundibulum.
The finger-like projections at the end of the uterine tube are called fimbriae.
The expanded, superior portion of the uterus is called the fundus.
The hymen is a thin epithelial fold that partially or completely blocks the entrance to the vagina.
The lateral walls of the oral cavity are formed by the buccinator muscles.
Anatomy of the Oral and Digestive Systems
The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the vestibule.
The pink ridge that surrounds the bases of the teeth is the gingiva.
In the condition known as hypoxia, the concentration of oxygen in the interstitial fluid declines.
The proper term for quiet breathing is eupnea.
An intentional increase in the rate and depth of breathing is known as hyperventilation.
The volume of air moved in a quiet respiration is termed tidal volume (TV).
The volume of air that can be forcefully expelled from the lungs following a normal exhalation is termed expiratory reserve volume (ERV).
The volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled on top of a normal inspiration is termed inspiratory reserve volume (IRV).
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration is termed residual volume (RV).
The proper term for chewing is mastication.
A small, semisolid mass of food that is the result of proper mastication is called a(n) bolus.
After processing in the stomach, the gastric contents are referred to as chyme.
Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by emulsifying large fat droplets.
The intestinal gas produced by bacteria in the colon during the metabolism of undigestible carbohydrates and released through the anus is called flatus.
The enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides and dextrins is amylase.
Maltose is broken down into two molecules of glucose by the enzyme maltase.
Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called gonadotropins.
Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of this amino acid tyrosine (repeated).
The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones called corticosteroids.
The elevation of blood levels of glucose by growth hormone is called diabetogenic effect.
Androgens is a general term for the male sex hormones.
Coughing begins with a deep inspiration followed by a forced expiration against a closed glottis.
In babies lacking surfactant, the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) results.
In quiet inspiration, the main muscle is the diaphragm.
Iodine is a raw material extracted from the blood for thyroid hormone synthesis.
The vasa recta run parallel, counter, and close to the loops of Henle, resulting in the countercurrent exchange mechanisms.
The concentration at which all of the carriers for a given substance are saturated in the renal tubules is the transport maximum (T_max).
The effect of thyroid hormones enables us to adapt to cold temperatures through metabolic rate regulation.
The procedure in which the prepuce is removed from the penis is called a(n) circumcision.
Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the pons respiratory center.
Measurement of blood pressure (BP) by the auscultatory method involves the use of an inflatable sphygmomanometer.