Consciousness
Term | Definition | Example | |
Conscious | -our awareness of ourselves and our environment | ||
Nonconscious | -includes the various biological processes that are constantly occurring without your conscious awareness -ex: heart rate, breathing, digestion and other automatic responses | ||
Preconscious | -information about yourself or the environment that you are not currently aware or thinking of but you can easily call to mind when asked -level of consciousness that includes stored information | ||
Subconscious | -hidden thoughts or feelings that you are not consciously aware of but influence your behavior | ||
Unconscious | -hidden level of the mind that includes repressed memories, feelings, or desires -hidden from conscious awareness because it would cause stress or anxiety -introduced by Sigmund Freud | ||
Circadian rhythm | -24 hour cycle of the body -daily patterns of bodily changes | ||
Hypnagogic Sensation | -sensory experiences that can occur when you drift into sleep -most common are a sensation of falling or muscle spams/jerks in legs or arms | ||
NREM 1 Sleep | - light sleep, -small, irregular beta waves that transition into alpha waves | ||
NREM 2 Sleep | - sleep spindles appear, broken up by K complexes (large, slow waves); skeletal muscles relax | ||
NREM 3 Sleep | - delta waves, deep sleep -breathing and heart rate decrease -restorative sleep- helps the immune system, replenishment of hormones | ||
REM | - eyes move vigorously, associated w/ dreaming; brain waves: theta &beta -Each sleep cycle is 90 min; as hours of sleep increase the time spent in NREM sleep decreases while REM sleep gets longer -Sleep period goes from 1,2,3,4 and then retreats back to 1, and then enters REM -this sleep is for the brain If we do not get enough REM sleep then we can have REM Rebound | ||
Beta Waves | -waves produced when we are awake and alert | ||
Alpha Waves | -brain waves produced when awake but relaxed | ||
Sleep Spindles | -occur in Stage 2 -spikes of very rapid electrical activity | ||
Delta Waves | -longer, slower electrical waves -characteristic of NREM 3 sleep | ||
Paradoxical Sleep | -the fact that REM is a very deep stage of sleep yet our brain waves resemble those observed when we are awake but the body is paralyzed from the neck down -brain is active and heart rate and blood pressure elevated | ||
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) | -sleep disorder where you physically act out your dreams because the body does not go into sleep paralysis -the only sleep disorder that occurs during REM sleep | ||
Sleep Apnea | -person frequently stops breathing during the night and brain sends out an alert of lack of oxygen causing the sleeper to snort in air -awakening himself to some degree but often without complete awareness -correlated with obesity and muscle mass | ||
Narcolepsy | -uncontrollable sleep -sudden, involuntary sleep where the person quickly enters REM sleep | ||
Insomnia | -lack of sleep: trouble falling asleep or staying asleep -common occurrence when we are distressed | ||
Somnambulism | -also known as sleepwalking -NREM sleep disorder where people will move around and perform activities while they are sleeping | ||
REM Rebound | -if (in a REM deprivation studied) an individual is awakened at the onset of each REM period for some time, and then is allowed to sleep normally, the sleeper tends to have longer REM periods -suggests that bodies need REM | ||
Dream Theory Activation Synthesis | -dreams are the product of random neural activity due to while we are sleeping - the brain is trying to make sense of the activity | ||
Dream Theory Consolidation | -dreams is the brain’s way of integrating new information into our memory and a way to deal with stress and emotions | ||
Psycho-active drugs, their effects and classifications | -psychoactive drugs – chemical substance that impacts behavior, perceptions, moods, or mental processes -4 broad categories: central nervous system (CNS) depressants, CNS stimulants, narcotics, and hallucinogens -depressants: alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers; slow CNS activity, elevate mood, relax inhibitions, intoxicate -stimulants: caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine; activate CNS, speed up bodily function, activate motivation centers -narcotics: derived from opium plant: morphine, heroin; suppress pain, euphoria -hallucinogens: LSD, peyote, PCP; alter or distort perceptions, can evoke sensation experiences in the absence of a stimuli | ||
Agonist | -drugs that are chemically similar to natural neurotransmitters that it can bind to receptors sites | ||
Antagonist | -drugs that block the reuptake of neurotransmitters or block receptor sites | ||
Addiction | -continuing to use a substance despite it having adverse effects on the body | ||
Tolerance | -a need for increasing amounts of a drug to experience the same effect | ||
Withdrawal | -symptoms that occur when you discontinue the use of a drug -withdrawal symptoms vary from drug to drug |