Song Dynasty and Dar al-Islam

Term 1: Confucianism
Definition 1: A philosophy that profoundly shaped Chinese culture from its early history.
Term 2: Neo-Confucianism
Definition 2: A revival of Confucianism with notable changes, seeking to eliminate Buddhist influences from Confucian thought.
Term 3: Filial Piety
Definition 3: Emphasizes the importance of children obeying and honoring parents, grandparents, and ancestors.
Term 4: Bureaucracy
Definition 4: A government entity arranged hierarchically to carry out the will of the emperor.
Term 5: Civil Service Examination
Definition 5: Bureaucratic jobs were earned through this, primarily based on Confucian classics.
Term 6: Buddhism
Definition 6: Originated in India and spread to China before the Song dynasty.
Term 7: Four Noble Truths
Definition 7: Life is suffering; Suffering arises from craving; Suffering ceases when craving ceases; The way to cease craving is to live a moral life according to the Eightfold Path.
Term 8: Theravada Buddhism (Sri Lanka)
Definition 8: Confined Buddhist practices to monks and monasteries, believing that ordinary individuals were too preoccupied with the world for enlightenment.
Term 9: Mahayana Buddhism (East Asia)
Definition 9: Encouraged broader participation in Buddhist practices; Bodhisattvas aimed to help others achieve enlightenment.
Term 10: Champa Rice
Definition 10: Introduced from the Champa Kingdom; Matured early, resisted drought, and could be harvested multiple times a year.
Term 11: Dar al-Islam
Definition 11: "The house of Islam," referring to regions where Islamic faith was the organizing principle of civilization.
Term 12: Judaism
Definition 12: Ethnic religion of the Jews, centered on the Torah and the Hebrew Bible.
Term 13: Christianity
Definition 13: An extension of Judaism, centered on the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Term 14: Islam
Definition 14: Related to Judaism and Christianity; Muhammad claimed to be the final prophet.