History

  • Columbian Exchange - The transfer of food, animals, ideas, people, and diseases between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

  • Puritans - different groups of Protestants in Europe who fled to America because of religious persecution from the Church of England

  • Mayflower Compact - the first governing document of Plymouth colony

  • King James I - English King that granted the charter to the Virginia Colony.

  • Jamestown - first permanent English colony in North America

  • Tobacco revolution - Elite planters take advantage of expanding slave trade and buy many slaves putting them to work on tobacco plantations. Transirvationnn of Virgina bc of tobacco

  • Headright system - Pay your own way, and get 50+ acres of land.

  • Indentured Servitude - Englishmen who were outcasts in their country. Would work in America for time as servants. Service years (3-7) Quality of life (most died)

  • Bacon’s rebellion - Led by Nathaniel Bacon. the first rebellion in the American colonies. Went after the Native Americans and then Jamestown. 1st time got a pardon, second time burned the city down and sent governor into exile.

  • What led to Bacon’s rebellion? - Berkeley’s friendly policies to the Native Americans who were raiding western farmlands. Also not using taxes to protect them. Didn’t feel represented in the local gov, and it was corrupt.  (House of Burgesses)

  •  What were Bacon's Rebellion consequences/effects? - Burns Jamestown. Slavery picks up, stop importing using indentured servants. Berkeley is exiled. Native Americans sign over more land (reluctantly). Divide between wealthy and poor is more pronounced. Foster a racial divide between Black and white.

  • Roger Williams - “extreme” separatist. Thought that English settlers should buy land from Indians and that everyone should be free to worship

  • Metacom’s War - King Philip’s war w the puritans. 1675. Wampanoags sick of having territory taken, being told to live like Puritans. Attacked and burned many settlements. Colonists responded by killing as many Native Americans as they could, even friendly tribes. Warred for over a year. Finally worn down by food shortages, disease and heavy casualties.

  • New Amsterdam - Middle colony. Founded by dutch in 1621 

  • Quakers - Pennsylvania. Society of Friends (Quakers). No formal ministers. Pacifists Dressed plainly (if at all) Equality, cooperation & religious toleration

  • William Penn - He received Pennsylvania from king Charles I because the king owed Penn's  father money. Governor of Pennsylvania 

  • Mercantilism - Colonies provide raw materials, which are then processed by the Mother country, and then sold back to the colonies.

  • Navigation Acts - No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in either Colonial or English ships. All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least three-quarters English or colonial. The colonies could export certain products, including tobacco and sugar - and later rice, molasses, and furs - only to England. Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to pass through an English port

  • Dominion of New England - combined Mass with govs of other New England colonies, and in 1688 - with NY and NJ as well. Eliminated the assemblies and appointed one gov: Edmund Andros.

  • Edmund Andros -  Governor of Dominion of New England. Very strict and unpopular. Mass. didn’t like him because was Anglican.

  • Glorious Revolution - The Glorious revolution was when William of Orange took the throne from King James II in 1688. It broke a permanent realignment of power within the English constitution.

  • William & Mary - Came to the English throne after the Glorious Revolution. 

  • Salutary Neglect - when England did not strictly enforce Parliamentary laws, which allowed the colonies to flourish as almost independent states for many years.

  • Where were the Salem Witch Trials? - Salem Village, Massachusetts

  • Southern Colonies - Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

  • Middle Colonies - New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

  • Northern Colonies - Connecticut, Rhode Island and Providence, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, and New Hampshire

  • Triangular Trade - Trade of textiles, rum, and manufactured goods from Europe to Africa, than the trade of slaves to the Americas, than the trade of raw goods back to Europe

  • Chattel Slavery - a practice which defined enslaved Africans as property, not as people. 

  • Slave Codes - Laws passed by colonists that described the social status of enslaved Africans and described the rights slave owners had over them

  • Stono Rebellion - The largest rebellion orchestrated by enslaved Africans in South Carolina, which resulted in the deaths of more than 42 white people and 44 black people.

  • The Enlightenment - Reason over myth or religion, natural rights, humanism, emphasis on science and scientific explanations. 

  • The Great Awakening - Questioning church authority, separating from EU churches, founding new churches / denominations, personal relationship with God (you can pray alone and reach God), equal before God. Attract a lot of females. 

  • John Edwards - started the Great Awakening

  • Benjamin Franklin - Enlightenment thinker. Proposed the Albany Plan

  • The French & Indian War - 

  • Proclamation of 1763 - It drew a line through the Appalachian Mountains. Set aside as an “Indian Reserve” Great Britain did not want to provoke additional warfare with Native Americans in the region Colonists were disgruntled. They felt like they had sacrificed for the war, and they were eager to settle in these newly claimed lands.

  • Edward Braddock - General that led Washington, defeated 1755.

  • William Pitt - turned the tide in 1757, Iroquois joined.

  • Pontiac - attacked British, defeated by Smallpox.

  • The Albany Plan - Plan proposed by Ben Franklin to have “one general government” for the colonies, though each would maintain its own constitution. It would have a president and legislature and be elected by the colonial assemblies. However, none of the colonial assemblies approved this plan. 

  • King George III - came to power in 1760, British policies changed.

  • Sugar Act - meant to eliminate the illegal sugar trade between colonies and French/Spanish (mercantilism). It upped enforcement of the duty on sugar, lowered duty on molasses and established new vice-admiralty in courts to try smugglers - no sympathetic jurors.

  • King James II - Driven from his country by Parliament

  • What is NOT a negative effect of the Navigation Act? - Helped support the development of several other colonial industries

  • What was the principle behind the new colony of Providence founded by Roger Williams? - Religious freedom and separation of church and state

  • What was the relationship between government and church in Puritan society? - They were intertwined