WFA 4243 Wildlife Techniques Fall 2020 - Conceptual Models Overview

Conceptual Models in Wildlife & Fisheries Conservation

Objective of Conceptual Models

• Good questions and appropriate methods are crucial in wildlife and fisheries conservation.

• Questions must be based on ecological theory and the context of existing knowledge.

• A conceptual model serves as the foundation for formulating hypotheses and designing studies.

The Five Steps to Developing a Conceptual Model

Step 1: Observation

• Begin with observations that highlight differences or relationships in nature.

• Consider experiences from hiking, hunting, or everyday activities to identify interesting phenomena.

Step 2: Investigation

• Conduct a literature search to find existing studies relevant to your observations.

• Analyze findings from previous research:

  • Refine understanding based on what has been discovered.

  • Identify gaps in current knowledge that your study could address.

Step 3: Formalize Your Model

• Create a conceptual model of your study system:

  • Identify the basic unit of interest (e.g., species population, ecosystem component).

  • Determine factors that could induce changes in the system.

  • Predict the expected direction of change for each factor.

  • Assess the expected effect size and identify uncertainties.

Step 4: Articulating the Model

• Create a visual representation (figure) of your conceptual model:

  • Use it within research proposals or academic papers to illustrate your ideas.

  • Include a detailed figure caption that explains:

  • How the system works, what is known, and areas needing further investigation.

  • Clearly state hypotheses and expected responses from the model.

Step 5: Study Design for Hypotheses

• Analyze each proposed factor represented by arrows in your model:

  • Design research studies that specifically address each hypothesis.

  • Determine the methods and measurements needed for each study.

  • Consider necessary details and potential limitations that may impact your research results.

Summary

• A conceptual model is a crucial tool in wildlife and fisheries management, guiding researchers in formulating studies based on ecological observations and existing knowledge. The steps outlined establish a systematic approach for developing a solid foundation for hypothesis-driven research in this field.

The phrase "long history of…laws of association" refers to established principles or patterns observed in ecological systems, suggesting that certain species or environmental factors tend to associate or interact with one another in specific ways over time. This contrasts with more recent or less established theories that lack extensive empirical support. Typically, a long history of laws of association is considered more robust due to its grounding in observational data and repeated validation. It offers a deeper understanding of ecological interactions and can enhance predictive modeling in conservation efforts. In contrast, newer theories may provide innovative insights but often require further testing and refinement before they can be relied upon for effective application in wildlife and fisheries management.