LU 3

1. Health behaviour is best defined as:
A. Any action done out of habit
B. An action taken to maintain, attain, or regain health and prevent illness
C. A psychological reaction to illness
D. Decisions made by doctors for patients

2. Motivation in health behaviour primarily refers to:
A. Knowledge of disease processes
B. Psychological force moving a person towards action
C. Compliance with medication
D. Physical ability to perform tasks

3. Which factor does not directly influence motivation?
A. Personal attributes
B. Environmental influences
C. Learner relationship systems
D. Standardised teaching modules

4. The perception of difference between current and desired health states influences:
A. Knowledge retention
B. Skill acquisition only
C. Motivation to learn and change behaviour
D. Environmental accessibility

5. Noise and lack of privacy in a clinic mainly affect:
A. Cognitive motivation
B. Physical health status
C. Learning environment readiness
D. Learner relationship systems

6. The concept of compliance in nursing is controversial because:
A. It ignores client autonomy
B. It focuses on positive reinforcement
C. It promotes therapeutic alliance
D. It increases patient satisfaction

7. Which is an example of intrinsic behaviour reward?
A. Praise from the nurse
B. Public acknowledgement
C. Personal sense of fulfilment
D. Receiving a certificate

8. According to Self-Efficacy Theory, the most influential source of efficacy is:
A. Emotional arousal
B. Vicarious experiences
C. Performance accomplishments
D. Verbal persuasion

9. Observing another patient successfully use an inhaler demonstrates which self-efficacy source?
A. Emotional arousal
B. Vicarious experience
C. Performance accomplishment
D. Verbal persuasion

10. The Health Belief Model was originally developed to:
A. Predict exercise behaviours
B. Explain why people avoided screening programs
C. Design nutritional guidelines
D. Promote therapeutic alliances

11. Which HBM construct relates to perceived effectiveness of an advised action?
A. Perceived susceptibility
B. Perceived severity
C. Perceived benefits
D. Perceived barriers

12. Cues to action in HBM may include:
A. Client’s age and sex
B. Illness of a family member
C. Perceived barriers to action
D. Individual beliefs only

13. In the Therapeutic Alliance Model, power in the nurse-patient relationship is:
A. Dominated by the nurse
B. Equalised through partnership
C. Ignored for client autonomy
D. Dictated by medical hierarchy

14. The Therapeutic Alliance Model primarily shifts focus from:
A. Knowledge acquisition to compliance
B. Passive learning to active self-care
C. External rewards to punishments
D. Group teaching to individual counselling

15. Which theory is a value-expectancy model explaining preventive behaviour?
A. Self-efficacy Theory
B. Therapeutic Alliance Model
C. Health Belief Model
D. Health Promotion Model

16. Self-efficacy relates most closely to:
A. Attitude towards others
B. Belief in one’s capability to perform specific behaviour
C. Cultural background of learners
D. Compliance with treatment regimens

17. Verbal persuasion in self-efficacy is effective when:
A. Others give unrealistic praise
B. There is cognitive dissonance
C. Feedback is realistic and encouraging
D. No other sources are available

18. Health Promotion Model defines health as:
A. Merely absence of disease
B. A positive dynamic state of well-being
C. A social responsibility
D. Self-determined compliance

19. Prior related behaviour is a component of which model?
A. Health Belief Model
B. Self-efficacy Theory
C. Health Promotion Model
D. Therapeutic Alliance Model

20. Which of the following is a behaviour-specific cognition in the Health Promotion Model?
A. Personal biological factors
B. Activity-related affect
C. Immediate competing demands
D. Prior related behaviour

21. The therapeutic alliance model advocates for:
A. Compliance through coercion
B. Adherence via confirmation
C. Collaboration with clients for self-care
D. Passive dependence on healthcare providers

22. The concept of compliance can be problematic because it:
A. Encourages autonomy
B. Promotes partnership
C. Implies client submission
D. Prioritises learning needs

23. Which is not a motivational factor according to the lecture?
A. Personal attributes
B. Environmental influences
C. Learner relationship systems
D. Formal assessment scores

24. Self-efficacy Theory originated from:
A. Value-Expectancy Theory
B. Health Promotion Theory
C. Social Cognitive Theory
D. Therapeutic Alliance Model

25. Performance accomplishment increases self-efficacy through:
A. Reading instructions
B. Mastery of similar behaviours
C. Observing peers
D. Emotional support only

26. In the Health Belief Model, perceived barriers are:
A. Beliefs about personal susceptibility
B. Beliefs about seriousness of condition
C. Beliefs about psychological and tangible costs of action
D. Strategies that trigger readiness

27. The Therapeutic Alliance Model outcome expectation is:
A. Patient compliance
B. Client dependence
C. Responsible self-care
D. Passive learning

28. Which factor is least likely to be part of environmental influences?
A. Learning space privacy
B. Emotional support
C. Cultural identity
D. Promptness of services

29. The Health Promotion Model differs from disease prevention models because it focuses on:
A. Avoiding illness
B. Treating existing diseases
C. Approach behaviours to actualise health potential
D. Compliance to therapy

30. Immediate competing demands in HPM are:
A. Low control preferences
B. Barriers that always prevent action
C. External demands with low personal control
D. Always related to cultural factors

31. Self-efficacy is important in positive psychology because it:
A. Reduces cognitive abilities
B. Encourages dependence on others
C. Enhances confidence in personal capabilities
D. Minimises learning motivation

32. Which is an example of emotional arousal influencing self-efficacy?
A. Nurse demonstrating skill
B. Anxiety reducing confidence to perform a task
C. Peer modelling behaviour
D. Praise by educator

33. A key principle of the Therapeutic Alliance Model is:
A. Power remains with the provider
B. Patient is viewed as a passive recipient
C. Collaboration and negotiation are central
D. Self-care decisions are avoided

34. Compliance is best described as:
A. Independent health decision-making
B. Submission to predetermined goals
C. Active participation in self-care
D. Motivational enhancement technique

35. The Health Belief Model assumes that:
A. People only act when threatened
B. Success of prevention depends on willingness to participate and valuing health
C. Knowledge is sufficient for behaviour change
D. Compliance is irrelevant

36. In self-efficacy, vicarious experience is effective when:
A. The model is dissimilar to the observer
B. The model fails at the task
C. The model is similar and succeeds
D. No model is provided

37. Therapeutic alliance promotes health education by:
A. Using fear to motivate behaviour
B. Facilitating passive learning only
C. Encouraging active, responsible learning partnerships
D. Limiting patient autonomy

38. Adherence differs from compliance as it implies:
A. Coercion
B. Commitment and attachment to regimen
C. Passive submission
D. External enforcement

39. Behaviour rewards include:
A. Only tangible gifts
B. Only intrinsic factors
C. Both extrinsic (praise) and intrinsic (fulfilment) factors
D. Irrelevant to motivation

40. The therapeutic alliance is most useful when the goal is to:
A. Enforce compliance strictly
B. Transfer responsibility for self-care to the learner
C. Maintain provider dominance
D. Reduce learning interactions

LU 3

Answer Key